Fluorescence‐based lateral flow assays for rapid oral fluid roadside detection of cannabis use

With the recent worldwide changes in the legalization of marijuana, there is a significant need for rapid, roadside screening test for driving under the influence of drugs. A robust, sensitive, lateral flow assay has been developed to detect recent use via oral‐fluid testing for Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This proof‐of‐concept assay uses a fluorescent‐based immunoassay detection of polymeric beads, conjugated to antibodies against native THC. The fluorescent technique allows for significantly lower limits of detection and higher precision determination of recent marijuana use without the use of urine or blood sampling—thus allowing for roadside identification. Detection levels of 0.01 ng/mL were distinguished from background and the lower limit of quantification was determined to approach 1 ng/mL.     

Comparison of antimicrobial peptide purification via free‐flow electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are usually small and cationic biomolecules with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activities against pathogens. Purifying them from complex samples is essential to study their physiochemical properties. In this work, free‐flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) was utilized to purify AMPs from yeast fermentation broth. Meanwhile, gel filtration chromatography (GFC) was conducted for comparison. The separation efficiency was evaluated by SDS‐PAGE analysis of the fractions from both methods. Our results demonstrated as follows: (i) FFZE had more than 30‐fold higher processing capacity as compared with GFC; (ii) FFZE could achieve 87% purity and 89% recovery rate while in GFC these parameters were about 93 and 82%, respectively; (iii) the former had ∼2‐fold dilution but the latter had ∼13‐fold dilution. Furthermore, Tricine‐SDS‐PAGE, Native‐PAGE, and gel IEF were carried out to characterize the purified AMPs. We found that two peptides existed as a pair with the molecular mass of ∼5.5 and 7.0 kDa, while the same pI 7.8. These two peptides were proved to have the antimicrobial activity through the standardized agar diffusion method. Therefore, FFZE could be used to continuously purify AMPs with high bioactivity, which will lead to its wide application in the clinical and pharmaceutical fields.     

夹心法免疫层析试条的数学模型与仿真研究

基于夹心法免疫层析试条检测原理,结合对流扩散方程和流体动力学方程,建立了夹心法免疫层析试条动态反应过程的数学模型,并通过COMSOL软件对试条动态反应过程进行仿真.分别探究了目标待测物A浓度在0 ～ 20 mol/L,标记物P浓度在1×10-2～1×103 mol/L以及硝酸纤维素膜的孔隙率在0～1范围内变化时,检测线上夹心复合物浓度关于位置和时间的浓度变化情况,并分析了各物质初始浓度以及试条结构对于检测结果和检测时间的影响.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,目标待测物A以及标记物P浓度的增加将提高试条的定量检测性能,而孔隙率通过影响混合液流速和混合液中各物质反应接触情况来影响检测结果.     

Nematodynamics and structures in junctions of cylindrical micropores

ABSTRACT

We explore equilibrium structures and flow-driven deformations of nematic liquid crystals confined to 3D junctions of cylindrical micropores with homeotropic surface anchoring. The topological state of the nematic ordering field in such basic unit of porous networks is controlled by nematic orientation profiles in individual pores, anchoring frustration along the edges of joining pores and coupling to the material flow field. We numerically investigate formation of the flow-aligned configurations in single cylindrical pores and pore junctions. Depending on the arrangement of inlet and outlet flows in the junction, we demonstrate existence of numerous stationary nematic configurations, characterised by specific bulk defects and surface disclinations along joining edges. Observed bulk defects are nonsingular escaped structures, disclinations in the form of loops or disclination lines pinned to the joining edges of the pores. Furthermore, we show examples of defect dynamics during the flow-induced topological transformations.     

Traveling disturbance appearing in boundary layer transition in a Yawed cylinder

Boundary layers that develop over a body in fluid flow are in most cases three-dimensional owing to the spin, yaw, or surface curvature of the body. Therefore, the study of three-dimensional (3D) boundary-layer transition is essential to work in practical aerodynamics. The present investigation is concerned with the problem of 3D boundary layers over a yawed body. A yawed cylinder model that represents the leading edge portion of a swept wing and the mechanism of crossflow instability are investigated in detail using hot-wire velocimetry and a flow visualization technique. As a result, traveling disturbances having frequencies f₁ and f₂, which differ by about one order of magnitude, are detected in the transition region. The phase velocities and directions of travel of those disturbances are measured. Results for the low-frequency disturbance f₁ show qualitative coincidence with results numerically predicted for a crossflow unsteady disturbance. Nameley, F₁ travels nearly spanwise to the yawed cylinder and very close to the cylinder wall. The results for the high-frequency disturbance f₂ good agreement with the existing experimental results. The ₂ disturbance is found to be the high-frequency inflectional secondary instability that appears in 3D boundary layer transition in general. A two-stage transition process, where stationary crossflow vortices appear as the primary instability and a traveling inflectional disturbance is generated as a secondary instability, was observed. Secondary instability seems to play a major role in turbulent transition.     

明渠非定常水流的垂向结构实验研究

本文报告了明渠非定常水流垂向结构的实验研究,通过 LDV 激光测速,我们给出了非定常水流的速度削面,湍流度,Eulerian质量输运速度的垂向分布。实验结果表明:在非定常周期很长时非定常流动的速度剖面,湍流强度及其粗糙度的影响基本上与定常流动相一致,当非定常流动为纯往复流动时,存在一个逆时针方向的环流,这种环流有利于底部的质量输运。     

管流系统的可控扰动装置及其应用

阐述了具有可控人工扰动装置的低背景湍动液体管流系统的研制和评价要点在及在高分子减阻液研究中的应用，并指出了这种实验系统在液体内流研究中的重要意义。     

Metastable flow in capillary tubes: An experimental evaluation

This work presents the results of an experimental study with pure refrigerants R-134a and R-600a and refrigerant–oil mixtures flowing through capillary tubes in order to analyse the metastable flow. A large number of experiments were carried out to verify the influence of several variables on the underpressure of vaporization, mainly the inlet subcooling, internal diameter and inlet pressure. Capillary tubes with internal diameter of 0.69 mm and 0.82 mm were tested for condensation temperatures between 40 °C and 50 °C and subcooling degrees between 3 °C and 12 °C. Measurements for oil concentrations of 1% and 3% were conducted and compared with those for pure refrigerant R-134a. The oil influence on the metastable flow was tested and the effect on the underpressure of vaporization is addressed for lower oil concentrations.     

The effect of pre-shear on the extensional rheology of wormlike micelle solutions

The effect of initial microstructural deformation, alignment, and morphology on the response of wormlike micelle solutions in transient uniaxial extensional flows is investigated using a pre-shear device attached to a filament stretching rheometer. In filament stretching experiments, increasing the strength and the duration of the pre-shear just before stretch is found to delay the onset of strain hardening. In these experiments, the wormlike micelle solution filaments fail through a rupture near the axial midplane. The value of the elastic tensile stress at rupture is found to decrease with increasing pre-shear rate and duration. The most dramatic effects are observed at shear rates for which shear banding has been independently observed. The reduction in the strain hardening suggests that pre-shear before filament stretching might break down the wormlike micelles reducing their size before stretch. Strain hardening is also observed in capillary breakup rheometry experiments; however, the pre-sheared wormlike micelle solutions strain harden faster, achieve larger steady-state extensional viscosities and an increase in the extensional relaxation time with increasing shear rate and duration. The difference between the response of the wormlike micelles in filament stretching and capillary breakup experiments demonstrates the sensitivity of these self-assembling micelle networks to pre-conditioning.     

多化学组份反应气体流动的Godunov格式

本文将单介质气体流动的Goduoov方法推广到多化学组份气体流动的计算中,建立了多化学组份气体的间断分解公式以及任意四边形网格下的Godunov方法的差分格式,提出了处理自由边界的虚相法,应用第二类网格,计算了超音速射流及其冲击问题的几个算例,并且同实验结果进行了比较。