固结金刚石研磨盘加工蓝宝石基片的磨削性能研究

通过蓝宝石基片磨削试验研究了陶瓷结合剂、树脂结合剂和陶瓷树脂复合结合剂制备的固结金刚石研磨盘磨削工件的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和磨盘自锐性能,确定了磨削性能最佳的金刚石研磨盘结合剂,在此基础上,进一步研究了W40、W20、W7和W2.5金刚石研磨盘磨削蓝宝石基片的材料去除率、表面粗糙度、表面/亚表面损伤及其材料去除机理,提出依次采用W40金刚石研磨盘粗磨、W7金刚石研磨盘半精磨和W2.5金刚石研磨盘精磨的蓝宝石基片高效低损伤磨削新工艺.结果表明,陶瓷树脂复合结合剂制备的固结金刚石研磨盘磨削蓝宝石基片的综合性能最好,随着磨料粒径的减小,磨削蓝宝石基片的表面材料去除方式从脆性断裂去除向塑性流动去除转变,同时蓝宝石基片的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和亚表面损伤深度也随之减小.     

抛光液酸碱性对固结磨料抛光硫化锌晶体的影响

硫化锌晶体是一种重要的红外光学材料,在红外成像、导弹制导、红外对抗等红外技术领域应用广泛.抛光液能够与工件及抛光垫发生化学反应从而影响工件表面质量和材料去除率.实验采用乙二胺、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸、盐酸分别配制不同的酸碱性抛光液,研究抛光液酸碱性对固结磨料抛光硫化锌晶体材料去除率、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的影响.实验结果表明:酸性抛光液抛光的材料去除率高于碱性抛光液;柠檬酸抛光液可同时获得优表面质量和高加工效率,抛光后的晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为4.22 nm,材料去除率为437 nm/min.     

Multi-Zone Ice Accretion and Roughness Models for Aircraft Icing Numerical Simulation

A mathematical multi-zone ice accretion model used in the numerical simulation of icing on airfoil surface based on three water states, namely, continuous film, rivulets and beads is studied in this paper. An improved multi-zone roughness model is proposed. According to the flow state of liquid water and film flow, rivulets flow governing equations are established to calculate film mass distribution, film velocity, rivulet wetness factor and rivulet mass distribution. Force equilibrium equations of droplet are used to establish the critical conditions of water film broken into rivulets and rivulets broken into beads. The temperature conduction inside the water layer and ice layer is considered. Using the proposed model ice accretion on a NACA0012 airfoil profile with a $4^◦$ angle of attack under different icing conditions is simulated. Different ice shapes like glaze ice, mixed ice and rime ice are obtained, and the results agree well with icing wind tunnel experiment data. It can be seen that, water films are formed on the surface, and heights of the films vary with icing time and locations. This results in spatially-temporally varying surface roughness and heat transfer process, ultimately affects the ice prediction. Model simulations indicate that the process of water film formation and evolution cannot be ignored, especially under glaze ice condition.     

Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov subspace method with wavelet-based preconditioner for analysis of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication problems with surface asperities

This paper presents an investigation into the effect of surface asperities on the over-rolling of bearing surfaces in transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) line contact. The governing equations are discretized by the finite difference method. The resulting nonlinear system of algebraic equations is solved by the Jacobian-free Newtongeneralized minimal residual(GMRES) from the Krylov subspace method(KSM). The acceleration of the GMRES iteration is accomplished by a wavelet-based precondit...     

大尺寸硅镜超光滑表面加工的面型控制

使用机械-化学抛光法加工大尺寸单晶硅可获超光滑表面,但很难保证良好的面型。提出通过采用开圆孔并连续注入抛光剂的方法来避免抛光盘中心蜂窝眼的出现,可以保证得到良好的面型。最后实验达到较好的面型精度,PV值0.268λ,rms值0.065λ。     

具有分形结构界面的固体膜/粘滞层/基底层状结构的变形

考虑固体膜/粘滞层/基底结构中粘滞层/基底界面不平整对结构的稳定性,特别是固体薄膜稳定时的褶皱变形产生的影响.考虑自仿射和峰状的粗糙界面.自仿射的粗糙界面由振幅和分形维表征,振幅和分形维越大对结构平衡的影响越大;峰状界面由振幅和平均峰间距表征,振幅越大对结构平衡影响越大,平均峰间距越小对结构平衡影响越大.进而,用有限元方法模拟分析该结构,得到界面平整和不平整两种情况下固体膜面内失稳力.结果表明,粘滞层/基底不平整情况下结构的平衡状态与假设该界面为理想平整面所得的结果有很大不同,在结构尺寸较小的情况下不可假设该界面为理想平整来考察该结构的稳定性.     

应用CFD于风电场风速分布预估的可行性探讨

为使CFD技术更广泛地应用于风电场地形绕流的数值模拟,并为风电场出力预报提供详细的风功率密度分布,本文针对圆形陡坡地形,在分析了地形坡度、地面粗糙度以及大气边界层厚度对此地形风场速度分布影响的基础上,任意选择一个位置并以先前计算的速度分布为条件,计算整个域中的风场数据并与先前的计算值进行比较,以探讨直接采用风电场中测风塔的有限数据,进行风电场大气流动CFD模拟的可行性.     

Lattice–Boltzmann simulations for analysing the detachment of micron-sized spherical particles from surfaces with large-scale roughness structures

Fully resolved numerical simulations of a micron-sized spherical particle residing on a surface with large-scale roughness are performed by using the Lattice–Boltzmann method. The aim is to investigate the influence of surface roughness on the detachment of fine drug particles from larger carrier particles for transporting fine drug particles in a DPI (dry powder inhaler). Often the carrier surface is modified by mechanical treatments for modifying the surface roughness in order to reduce the adhesion force of drug particles. Therefore, drug particle removal from the carrier surface is equivalent to the detachment of a sphere from a rough plane surface. Here a sphere with a diameter of 5 μm at a particle Reynolds number of 1.0, 3.5 and 10 are considered. The surface roughness is described as regularly spaced semi-cylindrical asperities (with the axes oriented normal to the flow direction) on a smooth surface. The influence of asperity distance and size ratio (i.e. the radius of the semi-cylinder to the particle radius, R_c/R_d) on particle adhesion and detachment are studied. The asperity distance is varied in the range 1.2 < L/R_d < 2 and the semi-cylinder radius between 0.5 < R_c/R_d < 0.75. The required particle resolution and domain size are appropriately selected based on numerical studies, and a parametric analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between the contact distance (i.e. half the distance between the particle contact points on two neighbouring semi-cylinders), the asperity distance, the size ratio, and the height of the particle centroid from the plane wall. The drag, lift and torque acting on the spherical particle are measured for different particle Reynolds numbers, asperity distances and sizes or diameters. The detachment of particles from rough surfaces can occur through lift-off, sliding and rolling, and the corresponding detachment models are constructed for the case of rough surfaces. These studies will be the basis for developing Lagrangian detachment models that eventually should allow the optimisation of dry powder inhaler performance through computational fluid dynamics.     

Investigation of ultrasound velocity measurements of polymeric parts with different surface roughness

Ultrasound velocity is a crucial parameter for polymeric parts because it characterizes the mechanical properties and micro structure. In our previous study, we proposed a frequency-domain method for measuring ultrasound velocity via full spectrum analysis (UFSA). In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to compare the accuracy and feasibility of three measurement methods: time of flight method (TOF), ultrasonic water immersion method (UWI) and UFSA. The methods were applied to measure polymeric parts with different surface roughnesses; in addition, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an external disturbance and to characterize the micro structure. Error analyses were performed for the methods. The experimental results showed that the TOF method was only suitable for measuring polymeric parts with flat surfaces, whereas the UWI and UFSA methods performed well for the measurement and characterization of polymeric parts with rough surfaces. The UFSA method had higher anti-interference ability than the other two methods. X-ray diffraction experiments indicated a negative correlation between the ultrasound velocity measured by the UWI and UFSA methods and the degree of orientation of the polymeric parts. The results obtained in this study provide guidance for the application of these methods.