Sm2Co17型永磁合金热失效的扫描电子显微镜分析

高温度稳定型Sm2Co17永磁体的磁性能会随着使用温度的提高有所下降.为了探究高温对合金微观结构的影响,对该材料进行差热分析后得到3个明显的相变温度点:254、342和540℃.然后取同一批次的该磁体在上述温度下分别进行热处理30 min,并使用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对处理后样品进行显微结构和成分分析.结果表明,Cu和Fe的析出和氧化是材料磁性能失效的原因,分析结果对预防该类材料失效提供了微观依据.     

CM200透射电子显微镜保护关机的故障分析及维修

介绍了CM200透射电子显微镜电镜保护(LPR)的工作原理,分析了电镜保护关机的故障原因并介绍了几个维修实例.     

Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Graphene under a Central Load

By employing molecular dynamics simulations, the evolution of deformation of a monolayer graphene sheet under a central transverse loading are investigated. Dependence of mechanical responses on the symmetry (shape) of the loading domain, on the size of the graphene sheet, and on temperature, is determined. It is found that the symmetry of the loading domain plays a central role in fracture strength and strain. By increasing the size of the graphene sheet or increasing temperature, the tensile strength and fracture strain decrease. The results have demonstrated that the breaking force and breaking displacement are sensitive to both temperature and the symmetry of the loading domain. In addition, we find that the intrinsic strength of graphene under a central load is much smaller than that of graphene under a uniaxial load. By examining the deformation processes, two failure mechanisms are identified namely, brittle bond breaking and plastic relaxation. In the second mechanism, the Stone–Wales transformation occurs.     

Fracture of polycrystalline graphene membranes by in situ nanoindentation in a scanning electron microscope

Failure of polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition was investigated by nanoindentation in a scanning electron microscope. Circular graphene membranes were subject to central point loads using a nanomanipulator combined with an atomic force microscope cantilever as a force sensor. The grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphene were visualized by Raman spectroscopy coupled with a carbon isotope labeling technique. Graphene membranes without any grain boundary had a failure strength of 45.4 ± 10.4 GPa, compared to 16.4 ± 5.1 GPa for those with grain boundaries when a Young's modulus was assumed to be 1 TPa. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Propagation failure of fronts in discrete inhomogeneous media with a sawtooth nonlinearity

Exact, steady-state, single-front solutions are constructed for a spatially discrete bistable equation with a piecewise linear reaction term, known as a sawtooth nonlinearity. These solutions are obtained by solving second-order difference equations with variable coefficients, which are linear under certain assumptions on the expected solutions. An algorithmic procedure for constructing solutions in general, for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous diffusion, is obtained using a combination of Jacobi-Operator theory and the Sherman–Morrison formula. The existence of solutions for the difference equation, implies propagation failure of fronts for the corresponding differential-difference equation. The interval of propagation failure, which is the range of values of the detuning parameter that render stationary fronts, is studied in detail for the case of a single defect in the medium of propagation. Explicit formulae reveal precise relationships between parameter values that cause traveling fronts to fail to propagate when the interface reaches the inhomogeneities in the medium. These explicit formulae are also compared to numerical computations using the proposed algorithmic approach, which provides a check of its computational usefulness and illustrates its capabilities for problems with more complicated choices of parameter values.     

红外焦平面探测器制冷组件可靠性研究进展

红外焦平面探测器制冷组件的可靠性研究对推进组件工程化应用具有重要意义。介绍了国外在组件的可靠性模型、失效模式、加速应力以及可靠性试验等方面的研究进展,并对国内的组件可靠性研究状况作了简要分析,总结了对组件可靠性研究的总体思路,为国内红外焦平面探测器制冷组件的可靠性研究提供参考。     

Asymptotics on Semiparametric Analysis of Multivariate Failure Time Data Under the Additive Hazards Model

Many survival studies record the times to two or more distinct failures on each subject. The failures may be events of different natures or may be repetitions of the same kind of event. In this article, we consider the regression analysis of such multivariate failure time data under the additive hazards model. Simple weighted estimating functions for the regression parameters are proposed, and asymptotic distribution theory of the resulting estimators are derived. In addition, a class of generalized Wald and generalized score statistics for hypothesis testing and model selection are presented, and the asymptotic properties of these statistics are examined.     

多部件系统故障预防工作的组合优化

研究了实践中常见的四种预防工作组合类型,即定时维修、功能检测、使用检查及检查与定时维修的组合策略,以单位时间维修费用最小为目标建立了多部件故障预防工作的组合优化模型.在此基础上,提出了两个故障预防工作的组合优化算法,并给出了计算示例以说明模型和算法的性能.     

液化天然气储罐混凝土穹顶的冲击破坏模式与机理

为获得大型全容式LNG储罐混凝土穹顶结构在圆柱形刚体冲击作用下的动力响应、失效模式以及失效机理,基于160 000 m³的LNG储罐,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立LNG储罐精细化有限元数值模型,并通过对弹丸冲击混凝土靶板实验的数值模拟,验证了有限元模拟方法及材料模型的适用性。通过分析圆柱体冲击物撞击下LNG储罐的动力响应,提出储罐穹顶结构的3种失效模式即局部凹陷、混凝土剥落、击穿破坏,并根据冲击过程中能量的传递特征揭示了每类失效模式对应的失效机理。最后通过大量参数分析获得不同冲击物直径、冲击位置、冲击角度对LNG储罐结构的最大冲击响应及失效模式的影响规律。结果表明,冲击角度、冲击物直径对LNG储罐混凝土外罐穹顶的失效模式影响较大,冲击位置对储罐穹顶失效模式的影响较小,可以忽略。

     

纤维增强复合材料疲劳研究现状和发展

纤维增强复合材料的疲劳研究是一个很活跃的领域。本文根据近20年来国内外有关复合材料疲劳研究的论文和报告,综述了当前研究的四个方面问题:①复合材料疲劳性能研究及其影响因素;②疲劳损伤的形成和裂纹扩展;③疲劳损伤模型;④疲劳寿命估算。笔者还对当前复合材料疲劳研究的发展表述了己见。