Structure and Properties of Self-reinforced Material Made from Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene-montmorillonite Nanocomposite

High-strength and high-modulus ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), named self-re-inforced material, was obtained by the elongation of UHMWPE-montmorillonite nanocomposite at melting temperature. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, a great deal of fibrillar texture formed in the direction of elongation, and the tensile fractured surface was similar to that of highly oriented fiber. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses reveal that the reinforced phase of the self-reinforced material is an extended chain crystal and its size is about 50--200 nm wide and several microns long, and the montmorillonite layers are broken up to pieces in the size from 100 to 10 nm. The broken layers which have a huge surface area interacting strongly with macro-molecules reduces the entanglement density of UHMWPE and induces the chain orientation in flow field. It is supposed that the astriction of montmorillonite layers to polyethylene chains is not only end-tethered but also side-tethered. The differential scan calorimetry(DSC) analysis shows that there are two endothermal peaks for the self-reinforced material, of which the peak at a higher temperature(136.4℃) is ascribed to the melt-ing of the reinforced phase.     

基于多目标模糊优化算法的边坡变形组合预测模型

为提高边坡变形时间曲线预测精度,提出了基于多目标模糊优化算法的边坡变形组合预测模型.首先通过经验阈值法优选单一预测模型进行组合;然后采用均方误差描述预测模型的拟合误差,采用灰色关联度描述预测模型与边坡实际变形曲线的发展相关性,以"拟合误差小"和"发展相关性好"为目标,引入模糊优化算法确定多目标模糊满意度综合评价函数,建立多目标优化模型;最后采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)求解组合预测模型的最优权重,实现边坡变形的多目标精细化预测.采用该模型对宜巴高速路段老屋包坡体CX19测斜孔变形数据进行预测分析,预测结果表明该模型的拟合误差和发展相关性均优于传统的单一预测模型,能有效提高预测的精度,具有工程应用价值.     

FBG在边坡稳定性监测中的有限元法优化布设

为实现FBG对边坡的稳定性监测,需要对传感器的布设进行优化。楚雄腰站变电站二级边坡,平台宽1.5m,坡角30°,材质为回填土,其背靠变电站,易受大型设备压力作用而影响稳定性。建立实际边坡模型,利用有限元强度折减法分析计算,结果显示,最大塑性应变出现在二级边坡平台表面及其附近。所以在二级边坡平台上布设3根应变桩来实现深层监测,实际监测结果显示,各应变桩最大应变分别:420με、400με、-360με,对应位置分别出现在深度1m、2m、2m处,现场观测平台表面及其附近出现裂缝,结果均能够与仿真优化布设结论较好吻合。     

瑞利波在复合地基加固效果检测中的应用

结合某公路复合地基加固工程,对瑞利波测试技术在地基加固效果检测评价进行了研究.利用测试数据,建立了复合地基置换率和有效加固深度、复合地基承载力和复合地基剪切波速的相互关系.结果表明:复合地基有效加固深度和复合地基置换率是直接影响剪切波速和复合地基承载力的两个最重要的因素,应用瑞利波测试技术能较准确地检测复合地基的加固深度.研究成果可为瑞利波测试中的地层参数反演和地基加固效果评价提供依据和借鉴作用.     

光纤Bragg光栅应变桩在公路边坡中的监测研究

为实现对公路边坡的稳定性安全监测,需要检测边坡的应变变化。元绿公路K77+120~K77+215段为一坡度30°、高度差达65m的边坡,由于土质松散而形成一滑坡地带,在其自然坡面前端挖掘5个30m深钻孔,把光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器分别埋入5个钻孔之中,浇灌水泥使之固定,形成5个应变桩,实现对桩体的应变监测,从而反应边坡的应变变化情况。经过两个月的监测,1孔洞到5孔洞最大应变变化依次为400με、80με、130με、-60με、46με,且依次出现在6m、16m、14m、16m、30m深度的位置。表明此边坡在6m深度及15m深度地层结构比较松散。     

Numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical fatigue properties for particulate reinforced composites

In this paper, a two dimensional Voronoi cell element, formulated with creep, thermal and plastic strain, is applied for the numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior for particulate reinforced composites. The relation between mechanical fatigue phases and thermal fatigue phases influences the thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior and cyclic creep damage. The topological features of micro-structure in particulate reinforced composites, such as the orientation, depth-width ratio, distribution and volume fraction of inclusions, have a great influence on thermo-mechanical behavior. Some related conclusions are obtained by examples of numerical simulation.The project supported by the Special Funds for the National Major Fundamental Research Projects (2004CB619304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10276020 and 50371042), the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (0306)     

护坡格构与坡面相互作用的研究

边坡防护中的锚固格构梁多采用Winkler假设计算内力,设计者通常忽略了边坡岩土体和格构之间摩擦阻力的影响。摩擦阻力对于预应力而言较小,但确实存在,在未加预应力锚固格构梁中不应忽略。本文提出了一种简单有效的计算方法,并结合工程实例,使格构梁的设计得以优化。     

露天矿边坡位移监测误差分析及位移量的确定

本文主要介绍露天矿边坡位移监测误差分析, 提出了以某一位移限值作为判断该边坡是否发生位移的标准, 可为类似边坡工程所借鉴。     

粘质海底稳定性实例分析

本文对南海珠江口盆地大陆架区和东海浙江沿岸象山港的粘质海底进行了稳定性分析。通过实例分析判定了该地区不稳定性的原因, 并给出了稳定性估计的直观图。文中还指出了今后研究的方向。     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土吊车梁疲劳刚度研究

构件刚度的变化可以较全面地反映构件的整体力学性能。本文以碳纤维加固规范及国内外相关理论研究成果为依据，结合试验研究，通过理论分析的方法，研究了碳纤维布加固损伤钢筋混凝土吊车梁抗弯刚度及在疲劳荷载作用下，构件在整个寿命周期内刚度随时间的变化情况。对比分析数据与试验数据发现：构件刚度的损伤发展有明显的三阶段变形规律；本文理论计算得到的数据与试验数据吻合较好，说明本文给出的关于CFRP加固损伤钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳刖度的理论计算方法可以满足工程设计对精度的要求。