超高稳定性的等级孔碳负载高分散铜基选择性加氢催化剂（英文）

负载型Pd, Pt, Au等贵金属催化剂由于具有较高活性而被广泛应用于选择性加氢催化领域,但资源稀缺、价格昂贵等问题严重制约了其在催化领域的长远发展.目前大量研究结果表明,非贵金属催化剂也具有较高的选择性催化加氢能力,在已被报道的非贵金属加氢催化剂中,铜基催化剂由于在选择性加氢反应中表现出较高加氢选择性和活性引起了人们的广泛关注.然而,早期研究的负载型铜基催化剂普遍存在催化稳定性较低的问题,所以提高铜基催化剂的使用寿命成为了问题关键.本文以铜基有机金属框架HKUST-1作为合成目标催化剂的前驱体,首先探究了水热合成条件对HKUST-1合成结构完整性及结晶度的影响,再通过精确调控HKUST-1的原位碳化过程,利用金属有机框架高温分解自还原行为,成功制备出了等级孔碳负载的高分散铜基催化剂,并将所制备的催化剂应用于1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢反应中.扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、氮气吸脱附、傅里叶红外吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱等技术用来表征了碳化前后催化剂载体结构的变化,铜粒子尺寸、价态及其在载体中分布的变化.文中也深入探究了以上因素对催化剂选择性催化加氢性能的影响.研究表明...     

Numerical simulation of pulsatile non-Newtonian flow in the carotid artery bifurcation

Both clinical and post mortem studies indicate that, in humans, the carotid sinus of the carotid artery bifurcation is one of the favored sites for the genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hemodynamic factors have been suggested to be important in atherogenesis. To understand the correlation between atherogenesis and fluid dynamics in the carotid sinus, the blood flow in artery was simulated numerically. In those studies, the property of blood was treated as an incompressible, Newtonian fluid. In fact, however, the blood is a complicated non-Newtonian fluid with shear thinning and viscoelastic properties, especially when the shear rate is low. A variety of non-Newtonian models have been applied in the numerical studies. Among them, the Casson equation was widely used. However, the Casson equation agrees well only when the shear rate is less than 10 s-1. The flow field of the carotid bifurcation usually covers a wide range of shear rate. We therefore believe that it may not be sufficient to describe the property of blood only using the Casson equation in the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation. In the present study, three different blood constitutive models, namely, the Newtonian, the Casson and the hybrid fluid constitutive models were used in the flow simulation of the human carotid bifurcation. The results were compared among the three models. The results showed that the Newtonian model and the hybrid model had verysimilar distributions of the axial velocity, secondary flow and wall shear stress, but the Casson model resulted in significant differences in these distributions from the other two models. This study suggests that it is not appropriate to only use the Casson equation to simulate the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation, and on the other hand, Newtonian fluid is a good approximation to blood for flow simulations in the carotid artery bifurcation.     

低温燃料电池担载型贵金属催化剂

本文对近年来低温燃料电池用担载型金属纳米催化剂的合成及其电化学性能作了回顾;综述了不同的贵金属及其合金(如Pt, Pt-Ru等)制备方法以及新型碳纳米材料作为催化剂载体的研究进展;对该领域今后的发展作了展望。     

前抛体对弹体入水载荷影响数值模拟研究

弹体穿过气-液界面时因密度突变会遭受强冲击载荷,出现结构损伤或破坏。为降低弹体入水的冲击载荷,基于Rabbi降载思想,提出了一种在主弹体前附加前抛体的结构形式。运用S-ALE (structured arbitrary LagrangeEuler)算法和罚函数流固耦合方法进行空泡形态和弹体运动状态数值模拟,数值模拟结果与弹体入水实验图像吻合,验证了数值模拟算法的有效性;随后研究了前抛弹体的入水角度、主弹体与前抛体的无量纲入水时间间隔参数、前抛体尺寸、主弹体与前抛体的入水初速度对降载效果的影响。研究结果表明,前抛体垂直入水时存在前抛体和主弹体碰撞现象,不利于降载,甚至可能给主弹体带来更大的载荷;前抛体斜入水时可避免两弹体间的碰撞,具有良好的降载效果,最大降载率可达90%。在此基础上获得了降载效果最佳的无量纲入水时间间隔范围为0.8～0.9,在此范围内主弹体的降载效果随前抛体尺寸的增大和入水初速度增加而提高。     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂表面甲烷脉冲反应Ⅰ.单组分Na/、W/、Mn/SiO2催化剂

制备了单组分Na/、 W/、 Mn/SiO2催化剂, 在ITD(Ion Trap Detector)装置上进行了催化剂表面晶格氧脱附前后的甲烷恒温脉冲反应(CH4-CTPR). 研究结果表明, Na/SiO2表面晶格氧具有一定的C2烃选择性, 并能强烈抑制CO2的生成; W/SiO2表面晶格氧对C2烃的选择性较差, 但对COx具有高的选择性; Mn/SiO2表面的晶格氧对C2H4和CO具有高选择性, 而较深部位的晶格氧则对C2H6和CO2具有高的选择性.     

混合层中粒子扩散的实验研究

本文应用流动显示和LDA测量,对混合层中粒子的扩散问题进行了实验研究。结果表明：粒子的扩散强烈地依赖于St数,具有较小St的粒子的扩散近似地与流体示踪粒子相同,随着St的增大,扩散角度增大,也就是说粒子扩散加快,并且随着粒子惯性的增大,它对湍流脉动的响应将会减弱。     

A Novel Multisection Distributed Feedback Laser with Varied Ridge Width for Self-Pulsation Generation

A novel ridge-waveguide multisection （MS） distributed feedback （DFB） laser, which consists of two identical DFB sections but different ridge widths, is proposed to generate beating-type self-pulsations （SPs）. The spatiotemporal dynamic response of such a multisection DFB laser is calculated based on a large-signal travelling-wave model. Self-pulsating output at about 150GHz is predicted, and evidences for the beating mechanism of the SPs are provided. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on SP generated by MS-DFB lasers with varied ridge width. Compared to other alternatives, such devices are much easier to implement and also enjoy the advantages of lower cost and higher design freedom.     

气泡及其破碎兴波对浮动冲击平台影响探究

基于LS-DYNA软件中的ALE算法,对近水面水下爆炸气泡脉动过程进行数值模拟并与实验结果进行对比,验证了近水面近壁面混合边界有限元模型和参数设置的正确性。设置不同爆炸工况,对气泡及其破碎兴波对浮动冲击平台影响进行探究,结果表明:在水下爆炸过程中,气泡、自由面、浮动冲击平台会发生强烈的耦合作用,在气泡脉动阶段,气泡会诱导出涌流和水冢效应,影响浮动冲击平台的安全性和使用性;冲击波是影响浮动冲击平台冲击环境的主要因素,由于气泡的低频性,气泡脉动及水冢对浮动冲击平台的直接冲击作用,会小幅度增加浮动冲击平台冲击环境的谱速度值、谱位移值,对谱加速度值几乎无影响;水冢抨击水面所形成的波浪和气泡破碎兴波,对浮动冲击平台造成的激励载荷呈周期性,其周期与波浪周期相同。波浪的激励载荷仅通过激励其对应频率的浮动冲击平台共振来改变平台的冲击环境。波浪载荷很小,对浮动冲击平台的冲击环境影响较小。     

环境随机激励下斜拉桥的模态分析

文章首先给出了利用环境随机激励实际工程结构输出响应自功率谱间接识别柔性结构模态参数的方法,并运用它对一斜拉桥现场测试结果进行了分析。然后建立了三维有限单元模型,得到了该桥自振频率和振型的理论值。脉动实验测得的结构自振频率和振型与用三维有限单元模型得到的理论值的对比发现,绝大部分模态吻合得较好,特别是竖向振型     

惰性载体对CaSO4载氧体化学链燃烧性能的影响

为提高化学链燃烧中CaSO₄载氧体的机械强度和反应活性,采用机械混合法制备了负载甘油、硅溶胶以及拟薄水铝石惰性载体的CaSO₄载氧体,并对其机械强度、反应特性等进行了实验研究。结果表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可显著提高CaSO₄载氧体的机械强度,而拟薄水铝石作用较小。热重还原实验表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可加快载氧体与甲烷的反应速率,缩短反应时间。XRD分析表明,惰性载体的加入不会影响CaSO₄向CaS转化,CaSO₄接近完全转化。