3-正则图的分割问题是NP-完全问题

证明了3-正则图的最小平分问题和最小α-分割问题都是NP-完全问题.     

在几何和参数上表示同一条曲线的两条有理NURBS曲线的权与控制顶点之间的关系

The paper discusses the relationship between weights and control vertices of two rational NURBS curves of degree two or three with all weights larger than zero when they represent the same curve parametrically and geometrically, and gives sufficient and necessary conditions for coincidence of two rational NURBS curves in non-degeneracy case.     

TESTING DIFFERENT CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS FOR LARGE—SCALE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

In this PaPer we test different conjugate gradient (CG) methods for solving large-scale unconstrained optimization problems.The methods are divided in two groups:the first group includes five basic CG methods and the second five hybrid CG methods.A collection of medium-scale and large-scale test problems are drawn from a standard code of test problems.CUTE.The conjugate gradient methods are ranked according to the numerical results.Some remarks are given.     

THE COUPLING OF NATURAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR 2D HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS

In this paper, we investigate the coupling of natural boundary element and finite element methods of exterior initial boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations. The governing equation is first discretized in time, leading to a time-step scheme, where an exterior elliptic problem has to be solved in each time step. Second, a circular artificial boundary FR consisting of a circle of radius R is introduced, the original problem in an unbounded domain is transformed into the nonlocal boundary value problem in abounded subdomain. And the natural integral equation and the Poisson integral formula are obtained in the infinite domainΩ2 outside circle of radius R. The coupled variational formulation is given. Only the function itself, not its normal derivative at artificial boundary ΓR, appears in the variational equation, so that the unknown numbers are reducedand the boundary element stiffness matrix has a few different elements. Such a coupled method is superior to the one based on direct boundary element method. This paper discusses finite element discretization for variational problem and its corresponding numerical technique, and the convergence for the numerical solutions. Finally, the numerical example is presented to illustrate feasibility and efficiency of this method.     

COMPOSITE-STEP LIKE FILTER METHODS FOR EQUALITY CONSTRAINT PROBLEMS

In a composite-step approach, a step sk is computed as the sum of two components vk and hk. The normal component vk, which is called the vertical step, aims to improve the linearized feasibility, while the tangential component hk, which is also called horizontal step, concentrates on reducing a model of the merit functions. As a filter method, it reduces both the infeasibility and the objective function. This is the same property of these two methods. In this paper, one concerns the composite-step like filter approach. That is, a step is tangential component hk if the infeasibility is reduced. Or else, sk is a compositestep composed of normal component Vk and tangential component hk.     

STABILITIES OF （A,B,C）AND NPDIRK METHODS FOR SYSTEMS OF NEUTRAL DELAY—DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MULTIPLE DELAYS

Consider the following neutral delay-differential equations with multiple delays (NMDDE)$$y'(t)=Ly(t)+\sum_{j=1}^{m}[M_jy(t-\tau_j)+N_jy'(t-\tau_j)],\ \ t\geq 0, (0.1)$$ where $\tau>0$, $L, M_j$ and $N_j$ are constant complex- value $d×d$ matrices. A sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of NMDDE system (0.1) is given. The stability of Butcher's (A,B,C)-method for systems of NMDDE is studied. In addition, we present a parallel diagonally-implicit iteration RK (PDIRK) methods (NPDIRK) for systems of NMDDE, which is easier to be implemented than fully implicit RK methos. We also investigate the stability of a special class of NPDIRK methods by analyzing their stability behaviors of the solutions of (0.1).     

一个双曲线方程的配方法证明

文 [1 ]证明函数y=(ax+c) + bx+d(ab≠0 ,c、d ∈R)的图象是双曲线中用到了行列式和函数极限等知识 ,文 [2 ]的证明做了改进 ,但由于要用到图象的旋转等复数方面的知识 ,对于不熟悉复数的同学来说 ,仍然难以理解 .本文用配方法给出一个证明 ,所需的知识很浅 ,同学们容易接受 .证明　先将y =(ax+c) + bx+d的图象沿向量 ( -d ,c-ad)平移得到函数y=ax + bx 的图象 ,只需证y=ax+ bx 的图象是双曲线即可 .因为　ab≠ 0 .1 )ab>0时 ,将y =ax+ bx 化为xya -x2 =ba( >0 ) ①设A2 + 1 =B22AB =1a　并在①两边同加上B2 (x2 +y2 ) ,得A2 x2 +B2 y2 …     

关于如何利用Maple软件进行平面几何命题的验证的补充说明

文 [1 ]中通过定理 :设G是理想I的Gr bner基 ,f是k[x1 ,…xn]中的多项式 ,则f∈I的充分必要条件是f模G的范式为 0 .即通过对理想成员的判定 ,得出了验证几何命题是否成立的下述方法 :1、首先建立坐标系 ,将命题的条件和结论实行代数化 ,即转化成多项式的形式 ;2、求命题的所有条件 (用多项式表示 )所形成的理想I的Gr bner基Gs;3、求命题的结论f模Gs 的范式conc ;4、对范式进行判断 ,若范式为 0 ,说明命题结论成立 (或对 ) ;若范式不为 0 ,则说明命题结论不成立(或错 ) .但笔者认为该方法欠妥 ,还不够完善 ,有时会使我们得到错误的结论 ,…     

用定比分点解题的常见类型

在定比分点定义中 ,P1 ,P ,P2 是数轴上三点 ,其坐标分别为x1 ,x ,x2 则P分P1 P2 之比λ =P1 PPP2 =x -x1 x2 -x,当P内分P1 P2 时 ,λ>0 ;当P外分P1 P2 时 ,λ<0且λ≠- 1 ;当P与P1 P2 的左端点P1 重合时 ,λ =0时 ;当P与P1 P2 的右端点P2重合时 ,λ→∞ ,或者说λ不存在 .对于以上几种情况 ,反之也成立 .我们正是利用理论中的可逆性来合理的求解某些数学问题 .下面举几例予以说明 .1　比较数或式值的大小例 1　已知a>0 ,b>0 ,0 相似文献