Investigation of operational parameters for an industrial CFB combustor of coal, biomass and sludge

The combustion of coal and/or biomass （sludge, wood waste, RDF, etc.） in a circulating fluidized bed has been a commercial topper for over 20 years, and references to principles and applications are numerous and widespread although few data are presented concerning the operation of large scale CFB-units. The authors studied the CFB-combustion at UPM-Kymmene （Ayr）, a major paper mill relying for its steam production upon the combustion of coal （80-85 %）, wood bark （5-10%） and wastewater treatment sludge （5-10%）. The maximum capacity of the CFB is 58 MWth. A complete diagnostic of the operation was made, and additional tests were performed to assess the operating mode. The plant schematics, relevant dimensions and process data are given. To assess the operation of the UPM-CFB, it is important to review essential design parameters and principles of CFB combustors, which will be discussed in detail to include required data, heat balance and flowrates, operating versus transport velocity, kinetics and conversion （including the possible effect of the Bouduard reaction if carbon is present）. Since the residence time in the riser and the cyclone efficiency determine the burnout of circulating fuel-particles, the UPM-CFB was subjected to a stimulus response technique using nickel oxide as tracer. Results illustrate the efficiency of the cyclone separation and the number of recycle loops for particles of a given size. Results will also be used to assess the cyclone operation and efficiency and to comment upon expected and measured carbon conversion.     

柠檬酸镧的合成及其对SBR橡胶硫化性能的影响

以氯化镧和柠檬酸为原料,合成柠檬酸镧,探究反应条件对柠檬酸镧产率的影响,得到反应体系p H值4~5之间,柠檬酸与氯化镧的摩尔比1.2∶1,反应体系温度50℃为较优的反应条件。并将合成的柠檬酸镧添加到SBR混炼胶中,研究其对混炼胶的硫化特性和硫化胶物理机械性能的影响;结果表明,添加2.5%的柠檬酸镧可使混炼胶的硫化速率t90达到943 s,比未添加柠檬酸镧的快了31 s,当添加量为7.5%时硫化胶的物理机械性能达到最佳,比未添加相比提高了将近50%。通过红外光谱表征产物结构,并采用硫化仪、万能试验机对混炼胶进行硫化性能及物理机械性能测试,研究结果表明,柠檬酸镧可提高混炼胶的硫化性能、硫化胶物理机械性能及抗硫化还原性。因此,柠檬酸镧可以作为SBR橡胶硫化剂的一种补充。     

异相成核和拉伸诱导对生物基PHBV复合纤维结晶结构与力学性能的影响

采用熔融纺丝法制备了聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)/二硫化钨(WS_2)复合纤维.利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜、二维广角射线衍射仪(2D-WXRD)、纤维强力仪研究了WS_2异相成核作用和牵伸诱导作用对纤维的结晶结构和力学性能的影响.研究表明,WS_2显著提高了PHBV的结晶温度,当使用2 wt%WS_2时,复合材料的结晶温度提高到115~130oC,比纯PHBV(99~105oC)提高了约25oC.WS_2不仅没有影响PHBV球晶的径向生长速率,且明显提高了PHBV/WS_2复合材料的晶核密度,熔体成核活性Φ由1.0降低为0.49.随着牵伸倍率和WS_2用量的增加,纤维的拉伸强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势.当添加1 wt%WS_2并采用单向牵伸3.8倍时,纤维中的晶体取向产生了β晶结构,使复合纤维的拉伸强度由纯PHBV的37 MPa提高至155 MPa,断裂伸长率由2.4%增加至45%.     

硫化天然橡胶的本征自修复与固相回收加工

通过小分子模拟试验和应力松弛,发现甲基丙烯酸铜(MA-Cu)比氯化铜(CuCl_2)更适合用作硫化天然橡胶中二硫键交换反应催化剂,并且硫化天然橡胶中的二硫键交换反应需要在高于120°C的温度下才能高效进行,这保障了相关制品在较低温工作时的结构与性能稳定.进一步的实验结果表明,硫化天然橡胶在MA-Cu辅助作用下获得了多次自修复与固相回收加工性能,损伤自修复后的硫化天然橡胶与固相回收加工的再生硫化天然橡胶,其拉伸强度均可恢复到原始材料强度的80%左右.     

双组份室温加成型硅橡胶口腔印模材料的制备

以自制乙烯基硅油为基胶、自制含氢硅油为交联剂、铂配合物为催化剂、高纯度硅微粉为填料、多乙烯基化合物为抑制剂等,通过实验制得双组份室温加成型硅橡胶口腔印模材料.研究了各组分对硅橡胶印模材料硫化化时间、细微复制、力学性能的影响.并制备了与国外产品性能相当的产品.     

射频磁控溅射CaS：TmF3薄膜的电致发光及其激发过程的研究

首次报道了射频磁控溅射ＣａＳ：ＴｍＦ３薄膜的蓝色交流电致发光，电致发光谱包含位于４８０、６５３、７０３和８０３ｎｍ的四组发光峰，分别对应着三价Ｔｍ＾３＋离子的Ｇ４→＾３Ｈ６、Ｇ４→＾３Ｈ４、＾３Ｆ３→＾３Ｈ６和＾３Ｆ４→＾３Ｈ６的电子跃迁发光。通过对ＣａＳ：ＴｍＦ３粉末的激发光谱的研究，我们发现由于蓝峰和红外峰的激发峰的能量不同导致没能量的光子激发下的光的研究，谱的红外／蓝峰的哟度比有较大的不同，     

NETWORK CROWN ETHER POLYMERS WITH CENTRIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS.Ⅱ.SYNTHESIS OF NETROWK CROWN ETHER POLYMER WITH PENDANT SULFIDE SIDE CHAIN AND ITS PLATINUM COMPLEX

Network crown ether polymer with pendant sulfide side chain in the network structure units has been synthesized via ring-opening copolymerization of β-ethylthioethyl glycidyl ether and diethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether.A kind of active catalyst suitable for this reaction was suggested.The title polymer was found to be a good ligand for platinous chloride,and the platinous complex could catalyze the hydrosilylation of ole fins with triethoxysilane efficiently.