再谈等量同号电荷中垂线上场强的极大点

《物理通报》2010年第9期发表的短文《两等量同号点电荷中垂线上场强的极大点》,作者采用求导数的方法求解,要求比较高,而且需要无限逼近.本文提供一种比较简单的方法,供参考.     

百kV/cm场强下SF6气体开关纳秒脉冲击穿场强和时延经验公式

百kV/cm高场强纳秒脉冲条件下,采用J. C. Martin经验公式估算SF₆气体击穿场强时,估算值与实验结果差异显著。为了进一步指导高场强脉冲气体开关设计,为开关工作状态调节提供依据,借鉴经典击穿场强经验公式形式建立了百kV/cm场强下SF₆气体开关纳秒脉冲击穿场强和时延与实验参数之间的关系,基于实验数据拟合形成了修正系数的击穿场强和时延经验公式。研究表明,百kV/cm场强和纳秒脉冲条件下脉冲电压斜率对开关击穿特性有重要影响,击穿场强与击穿时延相互关联。百ns至μs脉冲与几十ns脉冲气体放电机理的区别引起放电过程中击穿时延组成发生变化,导致了经典击穿场强经验公式估算值与实验结果的显著差异。修正系数的击穿经验公式可为电磁脉冲模拟器输出开关提供更为精确的工程设计依据。     

均匀带电圆环的电场强度

求出了均匀带电圆环的电场强度,给出了它在3种坐标系里的表达式.     

Compression Enhanced Shear Yield Stress of Electrorheological Fluid

Shear tests of an electrorheological fluid with pre-applied electric field and compression along the fleld direction are carried out. The results show that pre-compressions can increase the shear yield stress up to ten times. Under the same external electric field strength, a higher compressive strain corresponds to a larger shear yield stress enhancement but with slight current density decrease, which shows that the particle interaction potentials are not increased by compressions but the compression-induced chain aggregation dominates the shear yield stress improvement. This pre-compression technique might be useful for developing high performance flexible ER or magnetorheological couplings.     

Measurement of Carrier-Envelope Phase and Field Strength of a Few-Cycle Pulse by Non-sequential Double Ionization

We propose a method to measure the carrier-envelop phase （CEP） and the intensity of a few-cycle pulse by controlling the non-sequentiai double ionization （NSDI） process. By using an additional static electric field, we can change the momentum distribution of the double-charged ions parallel to the laser polarization from an asymmetrical double-hump structure to a nearly symmetrical one. It is found that the ratio between the strength of the static electric field and that of the laser field is sensitive to the CEP but robust against the intensity fluctuation. Therefore we can determine the OEP of a few-cycle pulse precisely by measuring the static electric field. Fhrthermore, if the CEP of the few-cycle pulse is fixed at a certain value, we can also calibrate the intensity of the laser pulse by the static electric field.     

基于有限元参数化设计的碳纳米管的场致增强因子计算

碳纳米管由于尺寸极小,它具有很大的场增强因子,且场发射稳定,这些特性使碳纳米管成为一种性能优良的场致发射材料。影响碳纳米管发射电流的重要参数是场增强因子,这需要求解拉普拉斯方程,由于理论解求解很困难,有限元方法成为一种有效的工具。使用有限元程序ANSYS对碳纳米管的静态电场进行了计算,建立了单根碳纳米管的模型,确定了边界条件。研究了金属型碳纳米管尖端周围的电场强度分布,为了更好地了解碳纳米管顶端附近的电场对长径比的影响,使用了参数化设计语言APDL,使得分析效率大大提高,并且计算结果与实际情况相符。说明这种方法是正确、可靠和高效的。     

多级气体开关的电场优化设计

 设计了3种不同组合电极结构（椭圆-椭圆、圆弧-椭圆和圆弧-圆弧）的多级气体开关,对这3种不同组合的电极结构的电场进行模拟计算,并进行了静态实验。研究发现,椭圆-椭圆型的电极表面电场分布的均匀性比较好,不均匀系数为1.03;圆弧-椭圆型的电极在垂直于电极表面的电场强度变化最小,偏差小于1%;在静态实验中,椭圆-椭圆型的电极耐压能力和稳定性优于圆弧-圆弧型电极和圆弧-椭圆型电极。     

Deformation of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes in electric field based on elastic theory

The electromechanical properties of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the electric field are demonstrated with a column shell model in this paper.A hemisphere model is introduced to determine the charge distribution and the local electric field in SWCNTs.By treating the SWCNT as an elastic column shell,the analytical solutions of the charged SWCNT’s axial strain and the radial strain are obtained.SWCNTs with a larger aspect ratio show greater deformation.The greatest radial deformation appears at the end of the tube.The significant axial strain can be induced in CNTs with a large length (around 100 nm) even though the applied electric field is not strong enough.When SWCNTs are fixed at both ends,the radius of SWCNTs becomes small along the axial position.     

带电导体椭球表面的电荷密度与电场

利用极限情形推断了带电导体椭球表面的电荷密度与电场强度.     

离子迁移谱系统的优化设计及其在甲苯检测中的应用

以对痕量甲苯的检测为例,研究了以激光作为电离源的离子迁移谱对痕量物质进行检测的方法.对离子迁移谱系统进行了优化,得到了最佳的迁移管长度和管内电场强度;同时研究了迁移信号和样品浓度的关系.结果表明,该方法行之有效,并能取得极高的灵敏度.