大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体热膨胀系数研究

采用Perkin Elmer公司的Diamond TMA热机械分析仪对KDP/DKDP晶体在25～100℃范围内的平均线性热膨胀系数进行了研究.得到KDP/DKDP晶体x切向、z切向、Ⅰ类切向和Ⅱ类切向的平均线性热膨胀系数,分别为:KDP(2.454×10-5/℃、4.168×10-5/℃、3.465×10-5/℃和2.884×10-5/℃),DKDP(2.602×10-5/℃、4.284×10-5/℃、3.568×10-5/℃和3.052×10-5/℃).另外,实验结果表明大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体不同部位热膨胀系数存在不均匀性.     

Phase Transition and Thermodynamics of Ruthenium Diboride via First-Principles Calculations

The pressure induced phase transitions of RuB2 from the OsB2-type structure to the ReB2-type structure are investigated by first-principles calculations based on the plane-wave basis set with the generalized gradient ap- proximation for exchange and correlation. It is found that the phase transition occurs at 18.6 GPa. We predict the phase transition from the OsB2-type RuB2 to the ReB2-type RuB2 at high temperatures for the first time. The dependences of the heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and the Grüneisen parameter on pressure and temperature for OsB2-type RuB2 and ReB2-type RuB2 are also investigated.     

“冰裂纹”青瓷的研制及形成机理研究

本实验采用常见的陶瓷原料,在氧化气氛下制备出了具有类似晶花形貌的冰裂纹青釉.结合SEM和XRD等分析技术,通过对釉的化学组成及微观结构、胎釉间弹性模量和应力计算分析,发现古代“冰裂纹”的成因是在釉坯间存在较大应力的情况下,较差的坯釉中间层有效的传递了胎釉间的应力,导致釉层内开裂.裂纹在扩展过程中遇到釉层中气泡发生方向偏折而形成了类似晶花态的“冰裂纹”形貌.     

石墨烯低温热膨胀和声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律

考虑到原子非简谐振动和电子-声子相互作用,用固体物理理论和方法研究了石墨烯格林艾森参量和低温热膨胀系数以及声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律,探讨了原子非简谐振动项对它们的影响.结果表明:1)在低于室温的温度范围内,石墨烯的热膨胀系数为负值,随着温度的升高,其热膨胀系数的绝对值单调增加,室温热膨胀系数为-3.64×10~(-6)K~(-1);2)简谐近似下的格林艾森参量为零.考虑到非简谐项后,格林艾森参量在1.40-1.42之间并随温度升高而缓慢增大,几乎成线性关系,第二非简谐项对格林艾森参量的影响小于第一非简谐项;3)石墨烯声子弛豫时间随着温度的升高而减小,其中,温度很低(T10 K)时变化很快,此后变化很慢,当温度不太低(T300 K)时,声子弛豫时间与温度几乎成反比关系.     

以改进的迈克尔逊干涉仪测量LED封装材料的热膨胀系数

LED封装材料在封装的过程中由于热膨胀的缘故会产生应力,将对LED的发光效率产生较大影响。改装的迈克尔逊干涉仪用于测量二氧化钛/有机硅复合的LED封装材料在不同温度范围内的热膨胀系数,具有测量准确,分辨率高等优点。     

Phase transition and thermal expansion property of Cr_(2-x)Zr_(0.5x)Mg_(0.5x)Mo_3O_(12) solid solution

Compounds with the formula Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12（x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9） are synthesized, and the effects of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ co-incorporation on the phase transition, thermal expansion, and Raman mode are investigated. It is found that Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12 crystallize into monoclinic structures for x 〈 1.3 and orthorhombic structures for x _〉 1.5 at room temperature. The phase transition temperature from a monoclinic to an orthorhombic structure of Cr2Mo3O12 can be reduced by the partial substitution of （ZrMg）6＋ for Cr3＋. The overall linear thermal expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of the （ZrMg）6＋ content in an orthorhombic structure sample. The co-incorporation of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ in the lattice results in the occurrence of new Raman modes and the hardening of the symmetric vibrational modes, which are attributed to the MoO4 tetrahedra sharing comers with ZrO6/MgO6 octahedra and to the strengthening of Mo-O bonds due to less electronegativities of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ than Cr3＋, respectively.     

Dressed Dark Solitons of the Defocusing Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is proved to be consistent-tanh-expansion （CTE） solvable. Some types of dark soliton solutions dressed by cnoidal periodic waves are obtained by means of the CTE method.     

神奇的材料家族——负热膨胀材料

<正>1.什么是负热膨胀材料?爱因斯坦曾说过这样的话:人只有两种生活方式,一种是认为所有的东西都是奇迹,另一种是认为所有的东西都不是奇迹。我们生活的这个地球,如果你仔细观察一下就会发现他是那样的适合于我们人类生存,有太多东西司空见惯以至于都不去思考了。比如自然界的水,它在0~4℃是自然界罕见的"热缩冷胀"。因此,冬天江河与湖泊结冰,都是从上面开始,而湖底的水温保持在4℃,这样就保证了鱼类不会被冻死,从而避免了生物的     

Dependence of stresses on grain orientations in BCC polycrystalline films on substrates

Most thin films have different thermal expansion coefficients from their substrates, thus thermal stresses will be introduced into the films when the temperature is changed during annealing and service. Calculations of these stresses for grains in various crystallographic orientations have been made for seven BCC transition metals Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ta, V and W. Neglecting W, which is isotropic and the stresses are equiaxial and without grain orientation （hkl） dependence, the BCC metals may be grouped into two classes. In the first class （Cr, Mo, Nb and V）, the （100）-oriented grains have the largest stresses, while the stresses σ1 and σ2 in other （hkl）-oriented grains decrease linearly with the increase of the angle between （hkl） and （100）, and with σ1 〈 σ2 except in （100）- and （lll）-oriented grains. In the second class （Fe and Ta）, on the contrary, the （100）-oriented grains have the lowest stresses, and the stresses σ1 and σ2 in other （hkl）-oriented grains increase linearly with the increase of the angle between （hkl） and （100）, and with σ1 〉 σ2 except in （100）- and （111）-oriented grains.     

固体的热膨胀系数

 本文由Grüneisen第二定则出发，采用普适能量函数作为原子间相互作用势能函数，计算立方晶体金属元素和几种NaCl型结构的碱卤晶体的线膨胀系数。计算值与实验值符合得很好。