激光能量注入控制Ⅳ型激波干扰的数值研究

激光能量注入可以控制Ⅳ型激波干扰,有效地减小钝头体压力载荷。基于有限体积法和分区结构网格划分的高分辨率数值方法,在来流马赫数为3.45的条件下,计算了单脉冲激光能量注入和连续激光能量注入对Ⅳ型激波干扰的影响。研究结果表明:单脉冲激光能量注入后一个较短时期内(50~60μs),钝头体表面压力突然升高,随后压力有一个较为明显的下降过程,然后恢复原状态;当注入的连续激光能量较小时,钝头体表面压力略微增大,随着注入能量增大,钝头体表面压力峰值减小;在注入能量到一定程度时,钝头体表面压力峰值减小已不明显。     

非线性介质中会聚高功率激光的焦点位置控制

为了控制激光束的传输,使激光光束能根据实际情况在特定的位置聚焦,并且保证在传输过程中光束质量不退化,根据透镜聚焦和非线性介质的自聚焦理论,研究了高功率会聚激光光束在两者共同作用下焦点位置的变化.分析了各种因素对高功率激光光束的焦点位置的影响,并通过数值求解光束在非线性Kerr介质中所遵循的非线性薛定谔方程,得到焦点的位置变化和光束初始束宽,输入功率以及透镜焦距的关系,从而找到了控制焦点位置的方法.基于非线性薛定谔方程,对理论分析进行了相应的模拟验证,结果相互吻合.     

一种新型THz显微探测技术

由于太赫兹(THz)电磁辐射的波长较长，探测的空间分辨率受到衍射极限的限制.设计了一种 新型的THz显微探测技术，使探测晶体紧贴在薄产生晶体上，激发光采用紧聚焦的方式不但 把空间分辨率提高到光学量级，还克服了典型近场探测方法中存在的低通光量、高通滤波的 缺点.详细介绍了这一新型探测器件的基本结构和显著的探测特性. 关键词： THz 近场 聚焦     

用鲁棒Riemann求解器和运动重叠网格计算旋翼粘性绕流

发展了一种基于鲁棒Riemann求解器和运动重叠网格技术计算直升机悬停旋翼流场的方法。基于惯性坐标系,悬停旋翼流场是非定常流场,控制方程为可压缩Reynolds平均Navier-Stoke方程,其对流项采用Roe近似Reimann求解器离散,使用改进的五阶加权基本无振荡格式进行高阶重构,非定常时间推进采用含牛顿型LUSGS子迭代的全隐式双时间步方法。为实施旋转运动和便于捕捉尾迹,计算采用运动重叠网格技术。计算得到的桨叶表面压力分布及桨尖涡涡核位置都与实验结果吻合较好。数值结果表明:所发展方法对桨尖涡具有较高的分辨率,对激波具有较好的捕捉能力,该方法可进一步推广到前飞旋翼粘性绕流的计算。     

A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic conveyor

Understanding of the dynamic particulate flow structures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic conveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design guidance.The complex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performance within the pipeline,and historically,non-invasive measurement devices such as the electrical capacitance tomography（ECT） were often used to sufficiently capture the flow dynamics.However,inadequate studies have been conducted on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,which directly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow performance.This paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an ECT device.Initially,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental conditions were obtained through ECT.Pulses within a flow were then characterised into pulse growth and decay segments,which represent the superficial fluidisation and deaeration processes during conveying.Subsequently,structural and statistical analyses were performed on the pulse growth and decay segments.Results suggested that the increasing air mass flow rate led to the decrease of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the increase of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration durations.Also,the air mass flow rate was indicated as the dominant factor in determining the pulsing statistical parameters.This research provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic flows.     

Correlation of powder flow properties to interparticle interactions at ambient and high temperatures

A combination of a continuum approach and a particle–particle approach to describe the multi-scale nature of the mechanical properties of bulk solids may be beneficial to scientific and engineering applications. In this paper, a procedure is proposed to estimate the interparticle forces beginning with the bulk flow properties as measured with standardized techniques. In particular, the relationship between interparticle forces and bulk solid tensile strength is adopted based on the microscale approaches of Rumpf(1970) and Molerus(1975). The flow properties of fluid cracking catalyst(FCC), corundum and glass bead powders were all characterized with a modified Schulze ring shear cell capable of operating at temperatures up to 500℃. The powder test conditions were selected such that the van der Waals forces were the most significant particle–particle interactions. The model equations describe two cases, in which either elastic or plastic deformation of the contact points is assumed. The results indicate that the model provides the correct order of magnitude for the values of the tensile strength when proper values for the mean curvature radius at the contact points are taken into account. A sensitivity analysis for the main parameters in the model was performed. This analysis indicated that the assumption of plastic deformation at contact surfaces coupled with a decrease in porosity justified an increase of the tensile strength with consolidation stress. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the measured flow behavior can be explained as a change in the strength of the material.     

基于水平集方法的二维Stokes多工况流动的拓扑优化EI北大核心CSCD

本文采用水平集方法进行了多工况条件下Stokes流动问题的拓扑优化,研究了进出口边界变化对流体拓扑优化结果的影响。在拓扑优化过程中,采用无需样条参数化的重新网格划分方法来实现物理场和水平集类方程交替求解。以最小能量耗散为目标,通过对三工况条件下流动通道的拓扑优化设计,表明多工况条件下的流动拓扑优化比单工况条件下获得的拓扑优化设计结果更为合理。     

双凹球面相控聚焦超声波场的产生与可视化

超声相控阵技术在声悬浮中有十分重要的价值,相较于传统的一维单轴声悬浮装置,本文在凹球面双发射极超声阵列的基础上引入相控聚焦原理,产生了声悬浮能力较强的声场,重点研究了声场的仿真模拟与可视化验证.首先,介绍了自发设计的凹球面双发射极超声阵列结构,阐述了相控聚焦原理、超声驻波悬浮机理、声压与声辐射力等声学理论.然后,根据理论分析结果,借助COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,仿真模拟相控聚焦超声波场.产生该声场的各超声波换能器相位可单独控制,通过相位的实时变化,可使声场进行动态聚焦,实现微粒的悬浮与任意轨迹移动.最后,使用单反射纹影系统实现了该声场的实时可视化,与仿真结果进行比较,证实了凹球面双发射极超声波装置相控聚原理的准确性.     

流动隐身衣的均匀化设计与减阻特性

流动隐身衣因为可以显著降低指定目标的表面阻力而备受关注.然而大多数传统流动隐身衣的设计参数为非均匀各向异性,非均匀这一限制增加了制备流动隐身衣的难度.为突破这种限制,本文采用等效介质理论与积分中值定理,将流动隐身衣所需的设计参数均匀化.通过数值模拟验证了简化后的均匀流动隐身衣具有与非均匀流动隐身衣一样的隐身效果,并且同样适用于多种流场.这种简化方法不仅可以将非均匀流动隐身衣简化为均匀流动隐身衣,更重要的是可以适用于其他领域,如光学、声学、电磁学与热学等不同领域的超材料均匀化设计,为降低超材料制备难度提供了新方法.此外,基于均匀流动隐身衣对不同流场的适用性,首次设计了一种流动伪装装置,该装置可以将原始物体所产生的流场伪装成由任意物体引起的期望流场,为实现流动伪装提供了解决方案.最后,定量对比分析了流动隐身衣的隐身与减阻性能随着雷诺数增加的变化,结果表明在非蠕动流时流动隐身衣仍然具有良好的隐身性能与较高的减阻效率.     

基于动态磁聚焦的CT球管飞焦点研究

作为CT设备的核心器件,CT球管采用动态磁聚焦技术以利于大电流输出时小焦点的实现。飞焦点技术可以多角度记录每次扫描的每个投影,提高采样率,从而大幅改善图像清晰度,提高成像质量。当CT球管为1 A大电流输出时,采用CST软件对双磁四极透镜关键参数进行模拟仿真及优化,满足焦点目标尺寸为0.2 mm×0.6 mm的同时具备飞焦点功能。