我国化学科普的现状与创新发展对策

Chemistry is a central science. However, the public's recognition of chemistry needs to be promoted, and the prejudice needs to be reduced. Chemical science popularization is a long-term, complex and arduous social education project, which is of great significance to promote social harmony and improve people's quality of life. This paper summarizes the current status of chemical science popularization in China, and puts forward the innovative development countermeasures which focus on improving public participation, training popular science talents, carrying out popular science popularization education at different levels, creating high-quality science popularization works and opening up new positions and approaches of chemical science popularization. This paper has the reference value for the science popularization colleagues.     

小学生解题出错原因及对策——以六年级下册数学为例

小学生在解题时常会出错,错误的原因各不相同,主要存在三个方面的问题:概念不清造成错误;计算方法不明白,导致错误;含百分数或者一般分数应用题中搞不清谁是“单位1”导致出错.教师要根据错因,寻找根源,不断改进自己的教学方法,减少学生解题错误,不断提高教学质量.     

近年生物柴油产业的发展——特色、困境和对策

本文介绍了美国、欧盟、印度生物柴油产业发展的特点、发展生物柴油的新兴原料和生物柴油生产技术的最新进展。分析了造成现在生物柴油产业发展面临困境的原因在于原料植物油的价格高涨。通过对生物柴油产业链的分析,提出生物柴油产业摆脱所面临困境的对策是:从植物育种和栽培开始,到收割、储存和榨油加工的每一步都要降低成本,力求取得低成本的原料油;开发投资少、成本低的清洁生物柴油生产工艺;关键是要从生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)和甘油来生产高附加值的化工产品,大幅度提高利润。     

Liquid-Phase Selective Oxidation of Propane on Silica-Supported Nafion Catalysts

The liquid-phase partial oxidation of propane in the presence of the Fen+/H2O2 Fenton system at 70℃ and 1.4 atm on silica supported Nafion catalysts has been investigated. The reaction proceeds via a radical reaction path the efficiency of which is improved by silica-supported Nafion catalysts. Because of the direct relationship between reaction rate and concentration of sulphonic acid sites of Nafion catalysts, it is inferred that the active phase enahnces the kinetics of propane conversion by promoting the rate of active radicals generation.     

Studies on the Performance and Structure of Supported Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

The catalytic properties of several supported metal catalysts on different carriers were studied in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. In our experiment, supported noble metal catalysts exhibited better performance than the other supported transition metal catalysts. The catalyst performances were significantly influenced by the d-electron configuration of the active metal components and the dispersion of active metal components on the support. A catalyst with a moderate number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbital of the active metal support without obvious acidity or redox activity (e.g. MgO) was suitable for POM performance. The Rh/SiO2 catalyst was the best in the POM reaction, among those investigated. Reaction conditions apparently also affected the POM performance of the catalyst. The conversion of methane and the selectivity for CO increased with the reaction temperature, and a high CH4/O2 ratio was not beneficial for POM performance.     

达峰背景下碳排放权交易市场对新疆碳减排的影响

习近平主席代表中国在巴黎气候变化大会上向世界承诺,中国将于2030年左右使二氧化碳排放达到峰值,并争取尽早实现.为此国家制定了严格的国家减排计划.新疆是我国《能源发展战略行动计划(2014-2020年)》的十四个煤炭能源基地之一,是我国国土规划纲要(2016-2030年)重点建设煤炭和电力基地之一,也是中亚能源进入我国的重要通道.丰富的能源资源导致新疆工业结构偏重煤炭、石油、天然气加工转化等相关产业,因此新疆面临较大的减排压力.从新疆社会经济发展的实际出发,分析了新疆面临的碳减排问题,着重讨论了全国碳排放权交易市场对新疆碳减排的影响,提出了以资源换配额、开发碳汇资源、加强人才培养和市场运行机制构建等建议.为政府有关部门和利益相关的企事业单位参与碳交易市场提供了有价值的参考.     

多样性解答择优问题的统计对策

随着研究手段的日益丰富,理论研究者和实证研究者越来越倾向于从各个角度分析同一问题,由此会得到不同的研究结论。多样性解答择优就是研究如何从这些不同的解答中找到更合适的解答。本文的研究目的在于探讨多样性解答择优的统计应对策略。从样本自识别建模和评价评委问题出发,本文利用统计方法探讨一类多样性解答择优问题—"推广的评委评分"问题,并提出了统计对策。     

基于化学学科核心素养的初高中贯通教学研究*——以“化学键”为例

化学键是高中化学课程中的一个重要概念,但学生在学习过程中往往出现较大困难。1化学键教学中存在的问题与对策(1)化学键的本质:从原子结构的角度研究化学键的形成过程,学生过多关注"八隅体规则",而不能认识到化学键的本质。学生初中已学习到物质是由微观粒子构成的,但没有微粒间相互作用的概念。而化学键在本质上是相邻原子(离子)间强的相互作用,那么教学设计的重点就是要让学生认识到这种强的相互作用。通过让学生分析水在加热和电解2种条件下变化的区别,使学生认识到水分子之间的作用与水分子内部氢氧原子之间的作用是不同的,自然就认识到化学键的本质。     

固相萃取-离子色谱-积分脉冲安培法测定人血清中游离氨基酸

比较了磺基水杨酸和无水甲醇沉淀人血清中蛋白质的效果,优化了国产732型阳离子交换树脂进行固相萃取净化的条件和Dionex-600离子色谱分析系统的梯度淋洗条件。用该离子色谱仪检测了谷氨酰胺等14种氨基酸,结果表明,峰面积-浓度的校正曲线的相关系数为0.9900~0.9995,检出限为0.02~0.59mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差为1.9%~10.4%;回收率为80.6%~114.8%。     

环境与健康新杀手--电子垃圾

介绍了电子垃圾的概念、现状,对环境与健康的危害,电子垃圾的未来和对策。