铜-铝扩散焊及拉伸的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了铜-铝扩散焊过程，分析了理想平面铜-铝试件(001)晶面间扩散焊的过渡层厚度，并利用径向分布、键对分析方法分析了在不同的降温速率下过渡层的结构变化.降温速率大时，过渡层保持原有无序结构，降温速率小时，过渡层从无序结构向面心立方结构转变.还对扩散焊后的铜-铝试件进行了拉伸模拟，并与尺寸大小相近的单晶铜和单晶铝的拉伸模拟结果进行比较.结果发现焊接后的强度比单晶铝和单晶铜的强度都要小，最大应变值也小.     

改进的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法

针对粒子群优化算法应用在目标跟踪时,其惯性权重调节机制的局限性,提出了改进的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法。首先,对目标及粒子群算法中相应参数进行初始化;接着,引入粒子进化率的概念,对惯性权重调节机制进行改进,根据每代每个粒子的不同状态及时调整惯性权重;然后,在更新粒子的速度和位置的同时,更新个体最优解和全局最优解,进行下一次迭代;最后,比较粒子的适应度,选择相似性函数值最大的区域为目标。实验结果表明,该方法与使用自适应惯性权重调节机制的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法相比,减少了获取相同适应度所需的迭代次数,运算效率提高了42.9%。实现了目标在相似性函数出现"多峰"情况下的准确定位,对目标出现部分遮挡的情况具有很好的适应性。     

局部图像特征提取算法的性能比较

特征检测算法是图像匹配及物体识别的基础,本文介绍了四种局部特征检测技术：Kaze、Sift、Surf、Orb以及通过一些评价指标比较了它们匹配性能。主要从匹配率,正确匹配率,检测特征关键点速度三个方面进行了比较,实验结果表明：Kaze具有较好的鲁棒性,对光照、模糊的不变性最好,Sift也有较好的鲁棒性,对旋转、尺度有很好的不变性。Sift和Kaze各有侧重点,Surf综合性能一般,但是比前两种速度快,Orb对尺度没有不变性,速度最快。     

4-N-甲基苯乙烯砒啶盐衍生物非线性光学性质的理论研究

设计了9种4-N-甲基苯乙烯砒啶盐衍生物分子,以密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G方法优化的构型为基础,采用耦合微扰(CPHF)方法研究了体系的非线性光学性质,对体系的电荷布居、吸收光谱及前线分子轨道等性质进行了分析,发现用线性关系对各分子一阶静态超极化率、基态和激发态偶极矩差、激发能及取代基给电子能力之间的关系进行描述是可行的,而且该分子体系的非线性光学响应完全可用二能级模型近似处理.     

动态激励下的FBG应变传感器原位校准方法

针对光纤光栅应变传感器测量桥梁结构动态应变值的准确性问题,提出了一种动态激励下的光纤光栅应变传感器的校准方法。采用等强度悬臂梁模拟桥梁结构,在等强度悬臂梁末端瞬间悬挂不同重量的砝码来模拟桥梁上汽车产生的动态激励。以电阻应变片作为参考传感器,光纤光栅应变传感器作为待校准传感器,将这两个传感器的测量数据序列进行比对。针对传感器的测量数据序列出现的时间错位问题,采用互相关算法对参考传感器和待校准传感器的测量数据进行数据匹配。在光纤光栅应变传感器有初始值的情况下进行测量值校准的研究。实验结果表明,该方法有效解决了测量数据序列的时间错位问题,实现了光纤光栅应变传感器的动态校准,采用不同重量的砝码作为激励源对校准结果没有影响,1529 nm和1547 nm波长的光纤光栅应变传感器灵敏度校准系数与静态标定结果基本一致。     

理化检验—化学分册简介北大核心CSCD

理化检验行业的资深权威刊物行业的门户商家的窗口用户的市场1963年创刊..《理化检验-化学分册》杂志为国内理化检验行业的资深权威刊物,期刊方阵中双效期刊,已被列为全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(化学、冶金工业、环境科学、预防医学等领域中本刊的文献引用率最高)、美国'CA千种表'中我国化学化工类核心期刊、中国学术期刊(光盘版)和中国期刊网全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库及英国《AA》及《MPBS》数据库收录期刊。曾多次获得国家机械行业、上海市优秀期刊奖。《理化检验-化学分册》杂志创刊于1963年,至今已有50年的历史。     

基于试验与有限元耦合技术的延性材料全程单轴本构关系获取方法

摘 要: 材料拉伸直至断裂的全程单轴本构关系对材料大变形和断裂机理研究具有重要意义。传统拉伸试验获取的材料真应力-真应变曲线在试样颈缩后不可测。借助可以精确测量三维变形的DIC(Digital image correlate) 技术和有限元分析技术(Finite element analysis),本文提出了基于漏斗试样拉伸试验获取材料全程单轴本构关系的新方法,即TF(Test and FEA)方法。该方法将TF方法获取的材料全程单轴应力应变关系曲线作为有限元软件中的材料本构关系对漏斗试样拉伸变形过程进行模拟,其模拟载荷-位移曲线、漏斗根部直径-位移曲线和漏斗变形轮廓线等均与试验结果吻合良好,试样表面模拟应变也与DIC测试结果吻合, 根据不同半径漏斗试样模拟获得的全程真应力-真应变曲线保持良好一致性。最后,还对试样颈缩断面的力学行为进行了讨论,并给出了304不锈钢、汽轮机叶片材料2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNBN和 1Gr12Ni3Mo2VN、汽轮机转子材料30Cr2Ni4MoV的全程单轴本构关系模型参数、破断应力和破断应变。     

Influence of screw length and diameter on tibial strain energy density distribution after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Postoperative tunnel enlargement has been frequently reported after anterior cruciate ligament（ACL）reconstruction.Interference screw,as a surgical implant in ACL reconstruction,may influence natural loading transmission and contribute to tunnel enlargement.The aims of this study are（1）to quantify the alteration of strain energy density（SED）distribution after the anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction;and（2）to characterize the influence of screw length and diameter on the degree of the SED alteration.A validated finite element model of human knee joint was used.The screw length ranging from 20 to 30 mm with screw diameter ranging from 7 to 9 mm were investigated.In the post-operative knee,the SED increased steeply at the extra-articular tunnel aperture under compressive and complex loadings,whereas the SED decreased beneath the screw shaft and nearby the intra-articular tunnel aperture.Increasing the screw length could lower the SED deprivation in the proximal part of the bone tunnel;whereas increasing either screw length or diameter could aggravate the SED deprivation in the distal part of the bone tunnel.Decreasing the elastic modulus of the screw could lower the bone SED deprivation around the screw.In consideration of both graft stability and SED alteration,a biodegradable interference screw with a long length is recommended,which could provide a beneficial mechanical environment at the distal part of the tunnel,and meanwhile decrease the bone-graft motion and synovial fluid propagation at the proximal part of the tunnel.These findings together with the clinical and histological factors could help to improve surgical outcome,and serve as a preliminary knowledge for the following study of biodegradable interference screw.     

On the homogenization of metal matrix composites using strain gradient plasticity

The homogenized response of metal matrix composites（MMC） is studied using strain gradient plasticity.The material model employed is a rate independent formulation of energetic strain gradient plasticity at the micro scale and conventional rate independent plasticity at the macro scale. Free energy inside the micro structure is included due to the elastic strains and plastic strain gradients. A unit cell containing a circular elastic fiber is analyzed under macroscopic simple shear in addition to transverse and longitudinal loading. The analyses are carried out under generalized plane strain condition. Micro-macro homogenization is performed observing the Hill-Mandel energy condition,and overall loading is considered such that the homogenized higher order terms vanish. The results highlight the intrinsic size-effects as well as the effect of fiber volume fraction on the overall response curves, plastic strain distributions and homogenized yield surfaces under different loading conditions. It is concluded that composites with smaller reinforcement size have larger initial yield surfaces and furthermore,they exhibit more kinematic hardening.     

FREE TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS OF A DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE：GRADIENT AND INTERNAL INERTIA EFFECTS

This is a modest contribution on higher-order continuum theory for predicting size effects in small-scale objects. It relates to a preceding article of the journal by the same authors（AMSS, 2013, 26： 9-20） which considered the longitudinal dynamical analysis of a gradient elastic fiber but, in addition to an internal length, an internal time parameter is also introduced to model delay/acceleration effects associated with the underlying microstructure. In particular, the free transverse vibration of a double-walled carbon nanotube（DWNT） is studied by employing gradient elasticity with internal inertia. The inner and outer carbon nanotubes are modeled as two individual elastic beams interacting with each other through van der Waals（vdW） forces. General explicit expressions are derived for the natural frequencies and the associated inner-to-outer tube amplitude ratios for the case of simply supported DWNTs. The effects of internal length（or scale）and internal time（or inertia） on the vibration behavior are evaluated. The results indicate that the internal length and time parameters of the adopted strain gradient-internal inertia generalized elasticity model have little influence on the lower order coaxial and noncoaxial vibration modes,but a significant one on the higher order modes.