室温磁制冷主动式磁蓄冷器数值模拟

提出了一个研究工作参数、设计参数对主动式磁蓄冷器(AMR)制冷性能影响的数值模型。三个主要参数包括:质量流量m、频率f、蓄冷器孔隙率ε,被用来表征AMR的制冷能力。数值模拟的结果表明:对一个AMR而言,存在一个最佳孔隙率;在某一确定孔隙率条件下,AMR存在最佳换热流体质量流量和最佳工作频率;与高频相比,AMR在较低频率下有更好的制冷性能,一味提高频率并不一定能提高AMR的制冷量。模拟结果对磁制冷样机的设计、工作参数的选择有很大的指导意义。     

Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching surface

A boundary layer analysis is presented for non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching surface. The Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. By using suitable transformations, the governing partial differential equations corresponding to the momentum and energy equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained with the shooting method. The effect of increasing Casson parameter is to suppress the velocity field. However the temperature is enhanced with the increasing Casson parameter.     

Entropy resistance analyses of a two-stream parallel flow heat exchanger with viscous heating

Heat exchangers are widely used in industry, and analyses and optimizations of the performance of heat exchangers are important topics. In this paper, we define the concept of entropy resistance based on the entropy generation analyses of a one-dimensional heat transfer process. With this concept, a two-stream parallel flow heat exchanger with viscous heating is analyzed and discussed. It is found that the minimization of entropy resistance always leads to the maximum heat transfer rate for the discussed two-stream parallel flow heat exchanger, while the minimizations of entropy generation rate, entropy generation numbers, and revised entropy generation number do not always.     

A comparison of different entransy flow definitions and entropy generation in thermal radiation optimization

In thermal radiation, taking heat flow as an extensive quantity and defining the potential as temperature T or the black body emissive power U will lead to two different definitions of radiation entransy flow and the corresponding principles for thermal radiation optimization. The two definitions of radiation entransy flow and the corresponding optimization prin ciples are compared in this paper. When the total heat flow is given, the optimization objectives of the extremum entransy dissipation principles （EEDPs） developed based on potentials T and U correspond to the minimum equivalent temperature difference and the minimum equivalent blackbody emissive power difference respectively. The physical meaning of the definition based on potential U is clearer than that based on potential T, but the latter one can be used for the coupled heat transfer optimization problem while the former one cannot. The extremum entropy generation principle （EEGP） for thermal radiation is also derived, which includes the minimum entropy generation principle for thermal radiation. When the radiation heat flow is prescribed, the EEGP reveals that the minimum entropy generation leads to the minimum equivalent thermodynamic potential difference, which is not the expected objective in heat transfer. Therefore, the minimum entropy generation is not always appropriate for thermal radiation optimization. Finally, three thermal radiation optimization examples are discussed, and the results show that the difference in optimization objective between the EEDPs and the EEGP leads to the difference between the optimization results. The EEDP based on potential T is more useful in practical application since its optimization objective is usually consistent with the expected one.     

竖直内螺纹管中超临界RP-3航空煤油换热特性数值研究

针对空–油换热器的结构优化应用,开展了竖直内螺纹管中超临界RP-3航空煤油换热特性数值研究。阐述了沿流动方向的传热恶化问题和沿圆周方向螺纹顶部–螺纹底部的非均匀换热机制。通过近壁区流体参数分布情况揭示了传热恶化的原因。讨论了通道截面温度场、流场、湍动能的分布特征,基于螺旋度和二次流强度描述了二次流的影响。探究了运行压力和螺纹数目对换热的影响。实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：吸热能力下降和湍动能异常减小是第一次传热恶化的原因,类膜态沸腾还会导致第二次传热恶化问题。螺纹结构和变密度耦合产生二次流,螺旋度沿流动方向不断增大,高温区二次流强度与换热状况具有耦合机制。提出的换热关联式有效获得了三种类型内螺纹管中超临界航空煤油的换热预测。     

泡沫金属电磁感应传热机理研究

研究了电磁感应加热下泡沫金属填充液体的磁–热能量转换及瞬态升/降温传热过程,搭建了泡沫金属填充液体在感应加热与液体冷却下的联合控温实验系统,采用“频域–瞬态”和“松耦合”方法求解电磁–传热耦合数值模型,揭示了泡沫金属填充液体的电磁场与热源分布规律、温度响应特性、温度均匀性以及泡沫金属结构和材质等参数的影响规律。结果表明,泡沫金属填充液体的电磁感应传热特性与泡沫金属的结构和材质密切相关。     

添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的R11池沸腾换热研究

对添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的制冷剂R11在外径为22.4mm紫铜管外的池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究.池沸腾饱和温度为35℃和40℃,纳米颗粒悬浮液的浓度为0.01g/l和0.05g/l.对铜管圆周上、下、前、后四个部位的局部换热情况进行了测量和可视化观察以及相应的粗糙度检测分析.结果发现,纳米颗粒的添加基本使管上部粗糙度降低,传热弱化,而使下部粗糙度增加,传热强化.就整体换热而言,40℃的强化换热效果好于30℃,0.01g/l的强化换热效果好于0.05g/l.     

超临界水在倾斜光管中的传热不均匀特性研究

对超(超)临界压力下水在倾斜光管内的传热特性进行了比较系统的实验研究.实验段管径为φ32×3mm,倾角α=20°;试验压力P=23~34MPa,内壁热负荷q=300~500kW/m2,管内质量流速G=300~2000kg/m2s.得到了不同工况下倾斜光管内壁温和管内换热系数的周向分布及其变化规律,考察了压力、质量流速及热负荷对倾斜光管内壁温度的周向分布的影响,重点分析了管内上下母线处内壁温度差随工质焓值变化的特性及机理,讨论了大比热区水的物性变化对倾斜光管内传热不均匀性的影响,并与亚临界压力下的对应实验结果进行了比较.     

太阳能热气流系统内传热与流动的实验模拟

构建了小尺寸太阳能热气流发电的实验模型,测定了系统的温度随时间和空间的分布,测定了烟囱内的速度随时间的变化关系.实验结果表明:集热棚内温度分布和季节对系统传热与流动特性的影响符合理论分析结果,而由于烟囱较薄,散热较高,在烟囱内的温度降低显著.     

甲烷的池核沸腾传热实验研究

本文对饱和液体甲烷在0.12MPa下的池内核态沸腾传热进行了系统的实验研究,获得了相应的沸腾传热数据.对实验数据进行了详细的不确定度分析;将实验结果与现有的池核沸腾传热系数关联式进行比对,并在原有的关联式基础上进行改进,得到了适合甲烷的池核沸腾传热系数关联式.