84.5MeV 12C4+离子诱发金属靶原子发射的Kβ与Kα-X射线强度比值的研究

本实验是在中国科学院兰州近代物理研究所, 国家实验室的重离子加速器上完成的. 实验用ORTEC公司生产的HPGe X射线探测器测量了84.5MeV的12C4+离子轰击Cu, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, W和Au金属靶产生的K壳层特征X射线谱, 计算了Kβ与Kα-X射线强度的比值, 并将结果与Scofield用Hartree-Fock-Slater模型计算出的理论值与用其它方法 (如: 衰变幅射, 用光子, 电子, 质子等粒子与靶相互作用) 得到的实验值进行了比较. 比较结果表明用84.5MeV的12C4+离子轰击Cu, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, W和Au金属靶产生的Kβ与Kα-X射线强度比值比理论值和其它实验值要大许多.     

覆盖多柔性层的有限长圆柱壳声辐射特性

研究了有限长圆柱壳覆盖多层柔性材料的声辐射特性.根据相邻柔性层界面上的边界条件推导了柔性层系的传递矩阵,结合薄壳理论和声波动方程建立了分析覆盖多柔性层后圆柱壳声辐射的理论模型.通过数值计算表明,减小柔性层的声速或者密度均能增加辐射声功率降低量,而采用多柔性层结构能比相应的单层均匀柔性材料获得更好的降噪效果.     

核壳结构Co3O4@MnOx整体式催化剂的碳烟催化燃烧性能

采用两步水热法在泡沫镍基底上合成了具有纳米棒形貌的Co₃O₄@MnO_x整体式催化剂,通过X射线衍射、X射线能谱分析、氢气-程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱和碳烟-程序升温还原等手段对催化剂进行表征,在微型固定床反应器上评价了其催化碳烟燃烧性能,通过等温动力学实验探究了催化剂的本征活性。结果表明,Co₃O₄@MnO_x催化剂呈现了以Co₃O₄为核、以MnO_x为壳的核壳结构。与催化剂Co-NW相比,Co₃O₄@MnO_x催化剂中Co₃O₄与MnO_x之间的相互作用使其表面产生了更多高价物种Mn⁴⁺和Mn³⁺以及更多的表面氧空位,其氧化还原性能提高,催化剂的活性氧物种数量增加了两倍,催化性能得到改善,在NO存在的反应气氛中...     

撞击荷载作用下单层椭圆抛物面网壳的动力稳定分析

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA 有限元程序,考虑几何非线性和材料非线性效应,开展单层椭圆抛物面网壳结构在撞击荷载作用下的动力稳定性研究.分析了该类网壳在以一定高度的自由落体撞击作用下的撞击力响应(撞击力、节点位移、杆件轴力和能量)及网壳失稳模态,进一步根据产生的动力响应对其在撞击作用下的弹塑性动力稳定问题进行了判定.结果表明:网壳结构在撞击作用下失稳时,撞击力时程曲线形状基本上呈陡峭的三角形脉冲荷载形式,其最大峰值和脉宽与撞击冲量及网壳所处变形阶段的刚度性能相关;特征节点的位移响应突然增大,失稳部位杆件的轴力大幅减小,结构的变形能和总能量也突然增大,整个结构变形形状发生突变;节点的残余位移、撞击力和持时等特征参数都产生一致性突变.     

New matrix method for analyzing vibration and damping effect of sandwich circular cylindrical shell with viscoelastic core

Based on the linear theories of thin cylindrical shells and viscoelastic materials, a governing equation describing vibration of a sandwich circular cylindrical shell with a viscoelastic core under harmonic excitation is derived. The equation can be written as a matrix differential equation of the first order, and is obtained by considering the energy dissipation due to the shear deformation of the viscoelastic core layer and the interaction between all layers. A new matrix method for solving the governing equation is then presented With an extended homogeneous capacity precision integration approach. Having obtained these, vibration characteristics and damping effect of the sandwich cylindrical shell can be studied. The method differs from a recently published work as the state vector in the governing equation is composed of displacements and internal forces of the sandwich shell rather than displacements and their derivatives. So the present method can be applied to solve dynamic problems of the kind of sandwich shells with various boundary conditions and partially constrained layer damping. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach is effective and reliable compared with the existing methods.     

复合材料圆柱壳失稳载荷的振动监测

本文根据结构振动与稳定性的相关性，以振动频率测试值作为监控参数进行了复合材料圆柱壳的失稳状态监测。该方法首先利用模态试验，测量得到了复合材料圆柱壳在轴压和外压栽荷作用下的模态特性变化特性，进而利用一阶固有频率在低载荷下的这种变化特性，采用多项式拟合法，无损预估了复合材料圆柱壳的轴压和外压屈曲栽荷，估计值与试验测试结果比较一致。     

Incremental deformation analysis of shell and corrugated diaphragm based on arbitrary configuration

With respect to an arbitrary configuration of a deformed structure, two sets of incremental equations are proposed for the deformation analysis of revolution shells and diaphragms loaded by both lateral pressures and the initial stresses produced in manufacturing. These general equations can be reduced to the simplified Koiter's Reissner-Meissner-Reissner (RMR) equations and the simplified Reissner's equations, when the initial stresses are set to zero. They can also be deduced to the total Lagrange form or the updated Lagrange form, respectively, as the structure is specified as the un-deformed or the former-deformed configurations. These incremental equations can be easily transformed into finite difference forms and solved by common numerical solvers of ordinary differential equations. Some numerical examples are presented to show the applications of the incremental equations to the deep shell of revolution and the corrugated diaphragms used in microelectronical mechanical system (MEMS). The results are in good agreement with those from finite element method (FEM).     

双壳层包覆Mn∶CsPbCl3纳米晶制备及潜指纹识别应用

全无机卤化铅铯钙钛矿纳米晶CsPbX₃(X=Cl,Br,I)因具有独特的光电特性,近年来在固体照明及显示、太阳能电池、阻变存储器等领域成为研究的热门之选。Mn²⁺是一种比Pb²⁺半径小的过渡金属离子,利用Mn²⁺掺杂CsPbCl₃钙钛矿纳米晶能够实现波长位于600 nm左右可见光区域的橘黄色发射,且能够部分替代钙钛矿纳米晶中的Pb²⁺,降低钙钛矿纳米晶的毒性。然而,Mn²⁺掺杂的卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶仍易受环境中水分子等的侵蚀而导致其荧光特性严重退化。本文采用一种利用四甲氧基硅烷(Tetramethoxysilane,TMOS)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)对Mn²⁺掺杂CsPbCl₃钙钛矿纳米晶进行双壳层的包覆方法,并分析了双壳层包覆法对钙钛矿纳米晶稳定性提升的机理。此外,还对比了双壳层包覆的Mn²⁺掺杂CsPbCl     

壳核型磁性纳米纤维素微球的超声制备及表征

A kind of cellulose magnetic nanoparticle with a core / shell structure has been prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. Cellulose acts as the shell while Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles take the role as the core. Magnetic force microscopy（MFM）with atomic force microscopy（AFM）measurement showed that the size of the magnetic nanoparticles is about 30-50 nm in diameter,while the Fe3O4 core is about 20-30 nm. FT-IR,XRD and MFM was used to provide the chemical and magnetic information of the nanoparticles. The MFM image showed that the nanoparticles separate very well with each other,indicating the cellulose shell produces a good prevention from the aggregation of the Fe3O4 particles. MFM studies also showed two magnetic nanoparticles can form particle-pairs,indicating a weak magneto-dipole interaction between magnetic nanoparticles. It is also found that the average sizes of magnetic nanoparticles have relation to the power of ultrasonic irradiation,and the possible mechanism is discussed.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-氯化银复合纳米微球的制备及其摩擦学性能

采用原位种子乳液聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 氯化银(PMMA AgCl)核壳结构复合纳米微球,通过透射电镜(TEM),红外光谱(IR),热分析(TG DTA)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等测试手段对其结构及性能进行了表征.在四球试验机上对其摩擦学行为进行了考察,研究结果表明,PMMA AgCl核壳结构复合纳米微球用作润滑油添加剂具有良好的抗磨性能,能显著提高基础油的失效负荷.