钢纤维增强钢筋混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力塑性极限分析

根据试验研究结果以及钢纤维混凝土的应力应变关系特点，确定了钢筋、混凝土以及钢纤维混凝土的屈服条件，建立了钢纤维增强钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏模型，运用塑性分析方法推导出斜截面受剪承载力计算公式的塑性解，并提出塑性解中系数μ1和μ2的计算公式。计算结果表明，该塑性解考虑了钢纤维混凝土层厚、剪跨比和混凝土强度等主要影响因素，而且通过调整钢纤维混凝土层厚，使提出的塑性解的计算公式适用于普通钢筋混凝土梁、钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁和钢筋钢纤维增强全截面混凝土梁的斜截面承载力计算，且与试验结果符合较好。     

ELASTIC-PLASTIC DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO OBLIQUE IMPACT AT ITS TIP

By employing large deformation governing equations expressed in the form of finite difference, the dynamic responses of an elastic, perfectly plastic cantilever subjected to an oblique impact at its tip was numerically studied. Through analyzing the instantaneous distribution of the yield function （φ = ｜M/Mo｜ ＋ （N/No）^2）, bending moment and axial force during the early stage of the response, the elastic-plastic deformation mechanism and the influence of axial component of an oblique impact on the dynamic response of a cantilever beam were discussed. The present analysis shows that the deformation mechanism of an elastic-plastic cantilever subjected to an oblique impact consists of four phases, i.e. ‘the expanding compressed plastic region＇ mode; the ‘generalized traveling plastic hinge＇ and ‘shrinking plastic region＇ mixed mode; the ‘stationary plastic hinge＇ mode and ‘elastic vibration＇ mode. Compared with the two-phase deformation mode obtained by using the rigid, perfectly plastic approach, the mode of shrinking plastic region that occurred instantly after the oblique impact and the mode of stationary hinge were both confirmed. The primary features of the deformation mechanism are captured by both analysis methods. It has also been found that the beam＇s deformation is mainly controlled by the axial component of the oblique impact in the early phase of the dynamic response, the deformation mechanism is obviously different from the case of a transverse impact. With further development of the response, the axial component attenuates rapidly and gives negligible contribution to the yielding of the beam cross-section. At the same time, the bending moments along the cantilever develop gradually and dominate the beam＇s deformation. The numerical results indicate that the mass, impact speed and oblique angle are the important factors that influence the elastic-plastic dynamic response of a cantilever beam.     

考虑材料拉压强度异性的简支圆板塑性极限统一解

采用统一强度理论首次对简支圆板在边缘均布荷载作用下的塑性极限进行了求解，得出了相应的统一解形式以及统一强度理论参数b和拉压强度比α对塑性极限的影响曲线。所给出的解可以适用于各种不同特性的材料。利用本文的解还可以得到一系列新的结果，可以更好的发挥材料的强度潜能，取得明显的经济效益。     

双金属层状板中软界面层对裂纹扩展的影响

采用带软界面层的双金属层状板，分析了裂纹垂直于界面扩展过程中的力学行为。带单边裂纹的钢／铝层板的弯曲疲劳实验表明，裂尖接近软铝界面层时裂纹扩展速率da／dN变化很大；裂纹扩展到达界面层时发生偏折。利用有限元软件分析了裂纹尖端前沿应力和应变的变化规律，计算结果表明：软铝界面层出现较大塑性应变，增加了裂纹扩展阻力，并使裂纹扩展力△K减小，导致了da／dN降低．而软界面层中的T应力增高，造成裂纹偏折现象。     

方管在高速撞击下的能量吸收能力

本文报导了速度约为100m/sec的子弹高速撞击铝合金方管的实验,表明在这种撞击条件下仍与准静态实验中一样,方管仍呈现“开裂与卷曲”的变形破坏模式,并证实了在高速碰撞下方管仍是一种极好的能量吸收装置.理论分析表明,在这种撞击条件下惯性力仍是不重要的;计入了应变率效应之后,理论预计的方管承载能力与实验符合良好.     

非等温条件下非比例循环粘塑性本构描述

为了描述在非等温非比例循环加载下的循环变形行为，本文提出了一个考虑材料非比例循环附加硬化效应、非比例循环加载历史效应和温度历史效应的粘塑性本构模型．在该模型中，引入了具有三种不同演化速率的背应力演化方程；定义了新的非比例度；为了反映非比例循环历史和温度历史的影响，引入了表现各向同性变形阻力Ｑａｓｍ，并对各向同性的表现变形阻力引入了具有先前加载历史记忆的演化方程．将本文模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢高温循环变形行为描述，其预言结果与实验结果吻合得很好．     

有限长圆柱壳受径向冲击的塑性动力屈曲分析

讨论两端固定的圆柱薄壳在均布外部冲击下的塑性动力屈曲。依据实验现象对位移场作出假设，用扰动法求得屈曲的扰动控制方程组，降阶后用标准的龙格库塔法进行数值求解。其中物理关系采用Ｌｅｖｙ－Ｍｉｓｅｓ流动理论，材料为刚线性强化模型。计算结果同Ｆｌｏｒｅｎｃｅ等的Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数解作了比较，对边界对屈曲的影响作了讨论。本文的结果对潜艇抗水下爆炸的研究有重要意义。     

材料的弹粘塑性本构关系和应力波的演化

试验表明，大多数工程材料在冲击载荷作用之下的变形一般都同时包含有可恢复的瞬态性弹性变形和不可恢复的粘滞性塑性变形，即其本构关系可以用弹粘塑性模型来描述。本文从内变量理论出发，探讨了时率相关材料的弹粘塑性本构关系的一般特性，建立了增量型的弹粘塑性本构关系的一般理论框架和普适的表达式，并且对两种最常用的本构模型——Bodner-Partom模型和Johnson-Cook模型给出了在一维应变条件下的具体形式。通过计算和讨论一维应变粘塑性靶板中冲击波的衰减机制和应力波的演化规律，特别是考察各种粘塑性本构模型中的材料参数对冲击波的衰减和应力波的演化的影响，得出了一些可以直接应用或具有一定借鉴价值的结果，为研究应力波的其他衰减机制以及在人防工程中智能防护层设计时新材料的选取奠定了基础。     

内压循环下薄壁圆筒的环向棘轮应变预测

对单轴和比例加载下的棘轮应变进行预测目前仍有较大困难。本文考虑将移动极限面加入材料双面本构模型中，对原提出的叠加型随动强化律进行了修正，可以对较多循环数的1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢薄壁圆管的环向棘轮应变做出预测。     

Perfect elastic-viscoplastic field at mode Ⅰ dynamic propagating crack-tip

The viscosity of material is considered at propagating crack-tip. Under the assumption that the artificial viscosity coefficient is in inverse proportion to power law of the plastic strain rate, an elastic-viscoplastic asymptotic analysis is carried out for moving crack-tip fields in power-hardening materials under plane-strain condition. A continuous solution is obtained containing no discontinuities. The variations of numerical solution are discussed for mode Ⅰ crack according to each parameter. It is shown that stress and strain both possess exponential singularity. The elasticity, plasticity and viscosity of material at crack-tip only can be matched reasonably under linear-hardening condition. And the tip field contains no elastic unloading zone for mode I crack. It approaches the limiting case, crack-tip is under ultra-viscose situation and energy accumulates, crack-tip begins to propagate under different compression situations.