矩形平面预应力索网大变形静力计算的级数迭代法

根据平衡荷载与索网变形及索拉力之间的关系给出了索网结构平衡的微分方程,得到了矩形平面预应力索网在均布荷载、均布拉力下不考虑几何非线性的变形曲面的一种级数解;通过对变形后索拉力的改变得到了近似考虑索网结构大变形几何非线性影响的级数迭代法,给出了修正的级数迭代法使计算收敛更加迅速;该方法应用在中关村文化商厦30m×70m平面索网的设计计算中,与非线性有限元计算结果比较验证了级数迭代法计算索网变形和索拉力大小的准确性,计算精度完全可以满足工程设计的需要.     

电子封装钎料合金耦合损伤的多轴时相关低周疲劳失效研究

基于63Sn-37Pb钎料合金材料的多轴时相关循环变形行为及疲劳失效行为,提出了耦合损伤的多轴时相关理论模型及疲劳失效模型,模型引入了损伤演化方程,考虑了时相关效应及非比例路径效应,能较好地模拟材料在不同非比例加载路径下的循环变形行为及疲劳失效行为,较准确地预测多轴疲劳寿命.     

应用数字散斑相关技术研究缺口根部高温疲劳变形

应用数字散斑相关技术研究了耐热合金试件在450°环境中缺口根部的弹塑性变形及其与疲劳循环次数的相关性。疲劳试验在单边带缺口的拉伸板状试件上进行。试件由耐热合金GH4169材料制成,试件表面预先通过离子溅射法制作了离散的金粒散斑图。试验采用逐级循环加载和疲劳循环加载交替的方式进行。首先进行逐级循环加载,将最大载荷Pmax平均分成8级,由0逐级加载至最大载荷,再由最大载荷逐级卸载至0;同时由图像系统半自动地、连续同步地采集系列散斑图。然后按0→Pmax→0加载方式,连续进行250次疲劳循环加载。逐级循环加载和疲劳循环加载不断交替,直至疲劳断裂。利用数字散斑相关技术计算出缺口根部的弹塑性应变,进而求出缺口根部应变、名义迟滞回线面积及斜率与疲劳循环次擞的相关性。试验结果对于耐热合金材料的疲劳寿命研究很有意义。     

TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)氧化膜在生理介质中的摩擦电化学行为

应用阳极氧化和微弧氧化的方法分别制作了TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)表面氧化膜,分别在0.9% NaCl溶液和模拟人工体液中以PTFE盘作摩擦偶件,在圆平动盘销式摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦电化学试验,获得了对应的摩擦系数,采用三电极体系得到摩擦电化学特性曲线.结果表明,静态时微弧氧化膜耐蚀性比阳极氧化膜提高了近2个数量级;与基体相比,TC4的阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性增强,摩擦系数降低,处理电压越高,摩擦系数越小;虽然TC4的微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能均较阳极氧化膜有大幅度提高,但摩擦系数均较未处理的TC4的摩擦系数大,其中处理时间为20min的微弧氧化膜表现出良好的耐蚀和摩擦性能,通过对磨损试件的SEM形貌对比解释了微弧氧化膜摩擦系数较大的原因,这与膜层表面粗糙度和微孔孔径大小有关.     

两种Mannich碱对铜在碱性介质中的缓蚀作用与吸附行为

合成了两种曼尼希碱4-（1H-四唑-5-氨基）-V-2-酮（TB）和3-（1H-四唑-5-氨基）-1-苯基丙-1-酮（TP）,并采用失重法和电化学方法研究了这两种化合物对铜在5％（w）NaHCO3水溶液中的缓蚀性能和吸附行为．结果表明,在5％NaHCO3水溶液中,这两种化合物对铜均有较好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀效率顺序为TB〈TP;TB和TP均为阳极型缓蚀剂．两种化合物在铜表面的吸附过程为放热过程,其吸附行为服从Langmuir吸附等温式,属于物理吸附．     

氮等离子体枪中电子输运行为的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗模拟,对氮等离子体枪的两个环形电极间的氮气辉光放电过程中电子的输运过程进行研究.计算在不同平均电场与粒子数密度的比值(E/N)下,电子与氮分子发生不同碰撞的概率、出射电子的平均能量、方向角分布和电子的能量分布.结果表明,电子能量近似服从玻尔兹曼分布.随着E/N的升高,电子平均能量升高,发生激发、离化、电离和离化电离碰撞的概率增大;非均匀分布的电场使分子获得更高的离化率,同时显著增强出射电子的能量.模拟结果为等离子体应用设计提供了参考依据.     

SINGULAR BEHAVIORS OF INTERFACIAL CRACKS IN 2D MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC BIMATERIALS

The singular characteristics of stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction fields near the tip of impermeable interracial cracks in two-dimensional magnetoelectroelastic bimaterials are studied using the generalized Stroh formalism. Two types of singularities are obtained： one is the oscillating singularity 1/2±iε, the other is the non-oscillating singularity 1/2±κ. It is found that the non-zero parameters ε and κ cannot coexist for one transversely isotropic MEE bimaterial, a similar result is obtained for transversely isotropic piezoelectric bimaterials.     

BEHAVIOR OF AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE AFTER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES

The experimental study of air-entrained concrete specimens subjected to different cycles of freeze-thaw was completed. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, weight loss, the cubic compressive strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and cleavage strength of air-entrained concrete were measured after 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 cycles of freeze-thaw. The experimental results showed that the dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength decreased as the freeze-thaw was repeated. The influences of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight loss were analyzed according to the experimental results. It can serve as a reference for the maintenance, design and the life prediction of dams, hydraulic structures, offshore structures, concrete roads and bridges in northern cold regions.     

Necking of anisotropic micro-films with strain-gradient effects

Necking of stubby micro-films of aluminum is investigated numerically by considering tension of a specimen with an initial imperfection used to onset localisation. Plastic anisotropy is represented by two different yield criteria and strain-gradient effects are accounted for using the visco-plastic finite strain model. Furthermore, the model is extended to isotropic anisotropic hardening （evolving anisotropy）. For isotropic hardening plastic anisotropy affects the predicted overall nominal stress level, while the peak stress remains at an overall logarithmic strain corresponding to the hardening exponent. This holds true for both local and nonlocal materials. Anisotropic hardening delays the point of maximum overall nominal stress.     

三维编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲分析

提出一种三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳的细观力学模型,宏观上基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义Kármán型方程,采用奇异摄动法求解在固支边界条件下三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲和后屈曲.分析中同时考虑非线性前屈曲、大挠度和初始几何缺陷的影响.讨论了纤维体积含量、壳体几何参数等因素对圆柱壳屈曲行为的影响.