全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1336篇 |
免费 | 921篇 |
国内免费 | 413篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 406篇 |
晶体学 | 42篇 |
力学 | 153篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
数学 | 20篇 |
物理学 | 2026篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 71篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 53篇 |
2015年 | 71篇 |
2014年 | 132篇 |
2013年 | 131篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 135篇 |
2010年 | 115篇 |
2009年 | 116篇 |
2008年 | 154篇 |
2007年 | 127篇 |
2006年 | 125篇 |
2005年 | 124篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 84篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 50篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2670条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
Electronic properties of both Pb and S vacancy defects in PbS(1^-00) have been studied using the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the plane-wave pseudopotentials. It is found that the density of states (DOS) near the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band is significantly modified by these defects. Our calculation indicates that in the case of S vacancy defects the Fermi energy shifts to the conduction band making it as an n-type PbS (donor). However, in the case of Pb vacancy, because of the appreciable change of the DOS, the system acts as a p-type PbS (accepter). In addition, the structural relaxation shows that the defect leads to outward relaxation of the nearest-neighbouring atoms and inward relaxation of the next-nearest neighbouring atoms. 相似文献
163.
成功研制了测量绝缘体二次电子发射系数的测量装置,该装置主要由栅控电子枪系统、真空系统和电子采集系统组成,测量装置产生的原电子流的能量范围为0.8~60 keV。采用单脉冲电子枪法,测量了原电子能量范围为0.8~45 keV的多晶MgO的二次电子发射系数。测量中,收集极(偏置盒)离材料表面设置为约35 mm,偏置电压设置为 45 V。测量得到:用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数最大值约为2.83,处于 2~26范围内,其对应的原电子能量约为980 eV。这表明该装置测量的绝缘体二次电子发射系数是可信的,但用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数较低,这可能是制备MgO时引入了过多的杂质在MgO二次电子发射体里面所引起的。 相似文献
164.
采用多晶LaB6材料制成平板二极管阴极,阳极采用钼材料,阴极采用热传导与热辐射加热,加热体为石墨。实验研究了不同阴极温度、不同真空度下的脉冲发射特性,并对热发射稳定性进行了分析。结果表明: 在动态真空系统中, 阴极发射面积为0.012 1 cm2, 工作真空度为2×10-4 Pa, 阴极温度分别为1 600, 1 650和1 700 ℃,在脉冲宽度为40 ms、重复频率为107 Hz的条件下,最大脉冲发射电流密度分别为34.0,44.0和53.8 A/cm2; 2×10-4,5×10-4和2×10-3 Pa压强下的发射能力没有明显的差异;脉冲宽度的变化不影响发射电流密度的变化。 相似文献
165.
在时间分辨的模式下, 实验研究了天鹅绒阴极产生的双脉冲相对论强流电子束的束心运动、束包络和束的发射度. 在实验中, 电子束流强度和电子束心运动用电阻环进行测试, 而电子束和石英玻璃的相互作用产生的契仑科夫辐射用来给出电子束包络和发射度信息. 电子束和石英玻璃作用产生的契仑科夫辐射用1台8幅分幅相机记录. 实验结果表明, 天鹅绒阴极产生的相对论强流双脉冲电子束在束流大小、束心运动轨迹、束包络及束发射度等方面具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
166.
167.
A Base-Emitter Self-Aligned Multi-Finger Sil-xGex/Si Power Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor 下载免费PDF全文
With a crystal orientation dependent on the etch rate of Si in KOH-based solution, a base-emitter self-Migned large-area multi-finger configuration power SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) device (with an emitter area of about 880μm^2) is fabricated with 2μm double-mesa technology. The maximum dc current gain is 226.1. The collector-emitter junction breakdown voltage BVcEo is 10 V and the collector-base junction breakdown voltage BVcBo is 16 V with collector doping concentration of 1 × 10^17 cm^-3 and thickness of 400nm. The device exhibited a maximum oscillation frequency fmax of 35.5 GHz and a cut-off frequency fT of 24.9 GHz at a dc bias point of Ic = 70 mA and the voltage between collector and emitter is VCE = 3 V. Load pull measurements in class-A operation of the SiGe HBT are performed at 1.9 GHz with input power ranging from OdBm to 21 dBm. A maximum output power of 29.9dBm (about 977mW) is obtained at an input power of 18.SdBm with a gain of 11.47dB. Compared to a non-self-aligned SiGe HBT with the same heterostructure and process, fmax and fT are improved by about 83.9% and 38.3%, respectively. 相似文献
168.
CeO2 nanowires are successful synthesized by hydrothermal method and their field emission (FE) properties are investigated. The turn-on electric field is 5.8 V/μm at an emitter-anode spacing of 700μm. The FE current is stable and the current fluctuations are less than 3% over 5 h. All the plotted Fowler-Nordheim curves yield straight lines, which are in agreement with the Fowler-Nordheim theory. The relationship between the field enhancement factor β and the emitter-anode spacing d follows a universal equation. Our results imply that the CeO2 nanowires are promising materials for fabricating FE cathodes. 相似文献
169.
Laser-diode excited intense upconversion luminescence of Er^3+ in bismuth-lead-germanate glasses 下载免费PDF全文
We have investigated infrared-to-visible upconversion luminescence of Er^3+ in bismuth-lead-germanate glasses. The UV cutoff wavelength is shortened while its lifetime is increased almost linearly, with PbF2 substituting for PbO in the bismuth-lead germanate glasses. Three emissions centred at around 529, 545 and 657 nm are clearly observed, which are identified as originating from the ^2H11/2→^4 I15/2,^4S3/2→^4 I15/2 and ^4 F9/2 →^4 I15/2 transitions, respectively. It is noted that all the upconversion emission intensities increase with PbF2 concentration increasing. The ratio between the intensities of red and green emissions increases with the increasing of PbF2 content. Energy transfer processes and nonradiative phonon-assisted decays account for the populations of the ^2 H11/2,^4 S3/2 and ^4F 9/2 levels. The quadratic dependence of fluorescence on excitation laser power confirms a two-photon process to contribute to the upconversion emissions. 相似文献
170.
PPV-based copolymers with cyano group in the main chain have been synthesized by Wittig-type polycondensation of alkoxy-substituted dialdehydes and 4,4‘-bis(cyanomethyl)-substituted diphenyl ether:[-C6H4-O-C6H4-C(CN)=CH-C6H2(OR)2-C=C(CN)-]n(POPPV),The copolymers are highly soluble in common solvents and their super highly transparent homogeneous thin films can be formed by spin coating directly without heat treatment.The chemical structures are determined by NMR and IR spectroscopys and evaluated using photoluminescence,gel-permeation chromatography(GPC)and DSC(or TGA) methods.The incorporation of ether group into the PPV backbone has an interruption of the main-chain conjugation,that results in the blue-shift of electroluminescence spectra and enhancemnt the solubility. 相似文献