介电流变弹性体的电致变形与电流变效应研究

介电弹性体(Dielectric Elastomer,DE)具有显著的电致变形效应,刚度无法调控是制约其应用的关键瓶颈问题.本文将具有电致变模量特性的电流变弹性体(Electrorheological Elas-tomer,ERE)与商用介电弹性体VHB4910层叠复合,并涂覆柔性电板,制备介电流变弹性体(Dielec...     

走进地震预测——————加卸载响应比方法

 概括介绍了加卸载响应比的基本思路、基本概念、物理基础、加卸载 响应比在地震预测中的应用以及取得的一些成果. 加卸载响应比方法物理基础扎实, 只需利 用地球内部的某些实测数据, 为地震预测提供了一条新的途径.     

INVESTIGATION ON COMPLIANCE ROTATION CORRECTION FOR COMPACT TENSILE SPECIMEN IN UNLOADING COMPLIANCE METHOD

The rotation correction method of unloading compliance for a compact tensile (CT) specimen in the current Jintegral resistance curves or critical Jintegral test standards was under suspicion by tracing to its source, and a new rotation correction method was proposed. The rotation center of the specimen is close to the crack tip, and the material constitutive relationship has little effect on the rotational radius R. If the formula for rotation correction recommended in current standards is used to measure the crack length of CT specimen, it will lead to larger error. A new formula with better accuracy for the crack length measurement of the CT specimen was presented.     

空间高速粒子捕获用密度梯度气凝胶的热学与力学特性

采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)的乙醇-水溶液为前驱体,氢氟酸为催化剂,结合溶胶-凝胶过程与CO2超临界流体干燥工艺,一步反应获得了密度为40-175mg·cm-3的单元气凝胶.以上述工艺为基础,通过逐层凝胶法、溶胶共凝法和梯度溶胶共凝胶法分别制备了三种密度梯度气凝胶样品,并研究了其功能梯度特性.结果表明:不同密度的气凝胶均具有粒径约为40-90nm球形颗粒构成的三维骨架结构,密度越低,骨架越疏松,峰值孔径越大,孔径分布也更为分散;三种方法制备的样品均具有明显的密度梯度,梯度特性由不连续到连续.动态热机械性能测试表明,随着密度的降低,气凝胶在低温(-100℃)和常温(25℃)下杨氏模量均有减小的趋势,其范围分别约为4.6×105-1.9×105Pa和5.0×105-2.1×105Pa.热学测试表明,随着密度的降低,气凝胶的热扩散系数增高,单位体积热容降低,而热导率则不成单调变化.     

大跨度屋盖钢结构拆撑过程模拟分析的约束方程法

分类介绍了目前在大跨度屋盖钢结构拆撑过程模拟分析中常用的几种方法(即支座位移法、等效杆端位移法、千斤顶单元法和千斤顶-间隙单元法)及其特点,针对现有方法的不足,提出了一种新的拆撑过程模拟计算方法——约束方程法.分别采用已有模拟方法和该方法对一个三点支撑的两端固定梁进行了拆撑过程模拟分析;对采用各种模拟计算方法得到的千斤顶轴力、支撑点位移以及梁中弯矩进行比较,验证了该文方法的有效性.数值分析结果表明,约束方程法是一种合理有效的模拟方法,能够正确模拟大跨度屋盖钢结构拆撑过程计算模型中的卸载单元.     

2.5维自愈合C/SiC复合材料的压缩力学行为

试验研究了2.5维自愈合C/SiC复合材料的压缩力学行为,根据材料的细观结构特点,建立了压缩载荷下的损伤力学模型,得到了经纬向压缩的非线性应力应变关系,预测结果与试验值吻合较好。结果表明,经向和纬向的力学行为不同,纬向的压应力逐渐增大时,切线模量逐渐增大,压缩强度为270.05MPa,而经向压应力逐渐增大时,层间损伤逐渐发生,经纱承受的弯矩越来越大,切线模量逐渐降低,破坏强度为128.66MPa。     

应用自洽方法预测沥青混合料的蠕变行为

将沥青混合料看作是由沥青砂和粗骨料组成的两相复合材料,提出了应用自洽方法预测沥青混合料粘弹性性能的一般思路.采用四参量流变模型描述沥青砂的粘弹性能,通过 Laplace 变换将时间域的粘弹性问题转化为变换域的线弹性问题,然后经 Laplace 逆变换将变换域的解转化到时间域.利用不同温度、不同应力水平下沥青砂的单轴压缩蠕变实验,拟合四参量流变模型参数,预测了沥青混合料在不同温度和不同应力水平下的蠕变曲线,并与实验结果进行了比较,发现蠕变的早期阶段预测值与实验值基本符合.最后进一步分析了温度、应力水平对沥青混合料蠕变行为的影响.     

All-electron study of ultra-incompressible superhard material ReB2: structural and electronic properties

This paper investigates the structural and electronic properties of rhenium diboride by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The obtained results show that the calculated equilibrium structural parameters of ReB2 are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The calculated bulk modulus is 361 GPa in comparison with that of the experiment. The compressibility of ReB2 is lower than that of well-known OsB2. The anisotropy of the bulk modulus is confirmed by c/a ratio as a function of pressure curve and the bulk modulus along different axes along with the electron density distribution. The high bulk modulus is attributed to the strong covalent bond between Re-d and B-p orbitals and the wider pseudogap near the Fermi level, which could be deduced from both electron charge density distribution and density of states. The band structure and density of states of ReB2 exhibit that this material presents metallic behavior. The good metallicity and ultra-incompressibility of ReB2 might suggest its potential application as pressure-proof conductors.     

Research on the sound absorption performance of metal rubber material

The sound absorption performance of Metal Rubber material was studied theoretically and experimentally. The acoustic impedance rate and the sound absorption coefficient were derived based on the acoustic parameters of metal rubber material. The relation of structure constant, compressibility modulus and structural parameters was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the specimen of metal rubber with the same mean porosity diameter had the same structure constant. For the same structural parameters, the compressibility modulus of metal rubber material was approximately constant in certain frequency range. The calculated acoustic parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of theoretical models.     

国产PVDF压电薄膜的冲击加载及卸载响应研究

 对两种厚度的国产PVDF压电薄膜,用轻气炮和激波管进行了冲击加载应力-电荷曲线的标定,并与其它若干种国内外的PVDF标定曲线进行了对比和分析;采用阶梯卸载和同时测量质点速度的方法,研究了PVDF压电薄膜的冲击卸载响应特性,发现有明显的滞后效应存在。