一种快速分离、测定水中有机磷农药的方法

<正>公开号:CN103439448A公开日:2013.12.11申请人:闽南师范大学摘要本发明公开了一种快速分离、测定水中有机磷农药的方法。将适量表面修饰粒径为500 nm的TiO2、硅胶G、羧甲基纤维素钠搅拌均匀,涂布在2.5 cm×10 cm玻璃板上烘干,105℃下活化0.5 h,制得薄层色谱板,以正己烷、丙酮、甲醇和水的混合剂为展开剂,避光层析12 min,可将毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、辛硫磷、甲胺磷等6     

一种检测微量苯的气体检测系统

<正>公开号:CN103439380A公开日:2013.12.11申请人:浙江工商大学摘要本发明涉及检测装置领域,尤其涉及一种检测微量苯的气体检测系统,该系统包括气室,气室内设有气体传感器,气室外设有与气体传感器相连的CHI电化学分析仪以及与气室相连的传感器还原装置、待测气体进气口和尾气处理装置;所述气体传感器包括自上而下依次分布的气体敏感膜、第一电极和第二电极,第二电极由铝板经阳极氧化制备而     

面向脑机接口的犹他神经电极技术

A human brain is composed of a large number of interconnected neurons forming a neural network. To study the functional mechanism of the neural network, it is necessary to record the activity of individual neurons over a large area simultaneously. Brain-computer interface (BCI) refers to the connection established between the human/animal brain and computers/other electronic devices, which enables direct interaction between the brain and external devices. It plays an important role in understanding, protecting, and simulating the brain, especially in helping patients with neurological disorders to restore their impaired motor and sensory functions. Neural electrodes are electrophysiological devices that form the core of BCI, which convert neuronal electrical signals (carried by ions) into general electrical signals (carried by electrons). They can record or interfere with the state of neural activity. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) designed by the University of Utah is a mainstream neural electrode fabricated by bulk micromachining. Its unique three-dimensional needle-like structure enables each electrode to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution and good insulation between each other. After implantation, the tip of each electrode affects only a small group of neurons around it even allowing to record the action potential of a single neuron. The availability of a large number of electrodes, high quality of signals, and long service life has made UEA the first choice for collecting neuronal signals. Moreover, UEA is the only implantable neural electrode that can record signals in the human cerebral cortex. This article mainly serves as an introduction to the construction, manufacturing process, and functioning of UEA, with a focus on the research progress in fabricating high-density electrode arrays, wireless neural interfaces, and optrode arrays using silicon, glass, and metal as that material of construction. We also discuss the surface modification techniques that can be used to reduce the electrode impedance, minimize the rejection by brain tissue, and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode. In addition, we summarize the clinical applications where patients can control external devices and get sensory feedback by implanting UEA. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by existing electrodes such as the difficulty in increasing electrode density, poor response of integrated wireless neural interface, and the problems of biocompatibility. To achieve stability and durability of the electrode, advancements in both material science and manufacturing technology are required. We hope that this review can broaden the scope of ideas for the development of UEA. The realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem can contribute to an improved understanding of the functional mechanisms of the neural network and treatment of neurological diseases.     

弱CS模的遗传性

P.F.Sm ith曾提出一个公开问题:弱CS模的直和项是否为弱CS模?论文通过一个反例证明了弱CS模的直和项不一定是弱CS模.但满足条件C3的弱CS模对其直和项具有遗传性.最后讨论了弱CS模对一般子模的遗传性.     

L-半胱氨酸功能化三维石墨烯的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为研究

在常压下制备了L-半胱氨酸功能化三维石墨烯(L-3DRGO),研究了L-3DRGO对MB分子的吸附机理。氧化石墨烯(GO)在常压水浴中与L-半胱氨酸(L-cys)反应后,结构中的含氧官能团被大量去除,L-cys被氧化为胱氨酸,实现了GO的还原和接枝改性,并通过酰胺反应将还原后的GO片-片相连,构建成三维网络结构。L-3DRGO对MB的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单层吸附,通过Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得到的相关系数(RL)在0～1之间,增大MB初始浓度可以有效克服固液两相之间的传质阻力,有利于吸附的进行。拟二级动力学模型能更好地描述MB在L-3DRGO上的吸附,当MB的初始浓度为500mg/L时,L-3DRGO对MB的最大吸附量为446.43mg/g。吸附过程的焓变与熵变均为正值,说明L-3DRGO对MB的吸附是一个吸热和熵增的过程。在298～338K范围内,ΔG~0为负值并随温度的升高而减小,说明MB在L-3DRGO上的吸附可自发进行,适当升温利于吸附过程。整个吸附过程均伴随有液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散,吸附速度的主控步骤由液膜扩散转化为颗粒内扩散。     

添加CaSO4·2H2O为晶种制备磷石膏半水硫酸钙晶须

以固体废弃物磷石膏为原料,在传统常压醇水热法的基础上添加CaSO₄·2H₂O为晶种制备半水硫酸钙晶须。采用单因素试验法探究了晶种含量、丙三醇含量和磷石膏质量分数对晶须结构和形貌的影响,确定晶须的最佳制备工艺条件。采用SEM和XRD对样品进行表征分析,实验结果表明:添加CaSO₄·2H₂O晶种制备晶须的长径比(49.29)比只添加丙三醇的样品的长径比(30.99)提高了近60%;当丙三醇与水的体积比(V)为1、晶种含量为1%、磷石膏质量分数为5%时制备的晶须的平均直径为0.65 μm,长径比达到了62.15,晶须的尺寸均匀。这说明添加1%CaSO₄·2H₂O晶种、V为1的丙三醇和质量分数为5%的磷石膏在常压下能制备出高长径比和尺寸均匀的半水硫酸钙晶须。     

表面增强拉曼散射光谱的应用进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的探测界面特性和分子间相互作用、表征表面分子吸附行为和分子结构的工具。已成为灵敏度最高的研究界面效应的技术之一,最大范围地应用于研究吸附分子在表面的取向及吸附行为、吸附界面表面状态、生物大分子的界面取向及构型、构象和结构分析;SERS技术也逐渐成为表面科学和电化学领域有力的研究手段,并已在痕量分析乃至单分子检测、化学及工业、环境科学、生物医学体系、纳米材料以及传感器等方面的研究中得到了广泛应用,甚至出现了拉曼技术与其他技术的联用。文章综述了近几年来表面增强拉曼散射作为一种光谱技术在这些应用领域的研究进展以及潜在应用价值;并简单介绍了作者所在实验室的相关工作,特别是富勒烯和碳纳米管材料等领域的一些探讨与研究。     

表面直接氟化改性对有机玻璃弯曲疲劳性能的影响

本文使用表面直接氟化改性来改善有机玻璃的弯曲疲劳性能。测试了改性前后有机玻璃的断裂韧性与弯曲强度,重点研究了不同缺口形式的有机玻璃在改性前后的弯曲疲劳性能变化并分析了疲劳裂纹扩展过程。弯曲疲劳寿命的测定结果表明有机玻璃的疲劳性能在表面直接氟化改性后得到明显改善,表面氟化层的结构约束效应是有机玻璃疲劳寿命提高的主要原因。此外,在疲劳断裂面上观察到规律性的条纹带形貌,疲劳条纹带的形成与裂纹尖端银纹区的产生具有一定的联系。表面直接氟化改性后疲劳条纹带扩展速率的降低也充分证明了有机玻璃疲劳寿命的提高。研究结果证明,表面直接氟化改性修复是一种提高有机玻璃疲劳性能的可行方法,对有机玻璃的工业使用具有指导意义。     

放射状椭圆截面均压槽对狭缝节流气浮支承的影响研究

为提高狭缝节流气浮支承静态特性,在有腔狭缝节流气浮支承的基础上增加了表面节流均压槽,均压槽呈放射状,周向截面为扇形,径向截面为椭圆,并对其进行了仿真分析. 结果表明:增加放射状椭圆截面的均压槽作为表面节流方式能够优化其承载力以及刚度,但会增加耗气量. 增加均压槽高度、放射角度、数量和半径均能增加气浮支承的承载力. 刚度峰值对应的气膜厚度会随均压槽高度增加但峰值基本保持不变;刚度峰值对应的气膜厚度会随均压槽辐射角度增加且峰值也会略微增加;当均压槽数量大于4时,随着均压槽数量的增加,刚度峰值均出现在气膜厚度h₂为13 μm附近,但刚度峰值会随均压槽数量的增加而产生较大增幅;刚度峰值对应的气膜厚度会随均压槽半径的增加而减小,但峰值会随均压槽半径的增加而增加.