掠入射X射线衍射研究Si覆盖层对Ge/Si量子点微结构的影响

利用掠入射X射线衍射和常规X射线衍射研究了Si(001)上的Ge量子点在不同厚度的Si覆盖层下微结构的变化,同时用AFM研究了其形貌变化.实验结果表明在小的覆盖度下,量子点中组分的变化已十分明显,同时量子点的形状也发生了明显的变化.     

水在密度测量中的妙用

在一些测量密度的实验题目中,在所给的器材中常会出现水.实际上这类题目能否顺利解决的关键,就是能否将水巧妙地用到实验中来,帮助我们解决遇到的困难.下面介绍几个用水帮助完成密度测量的实验题.     

Residual stress profiling of an aluminum alloy by laser ultrasonics

A residual-stress profile along the thickness of an aluminum alloy sheet is determined by laser-ultrasonic technique. Surface acoustic waves are generated by a Nd:YAG pulse laser and detected by a Heterodyne interferometer on a lateral free surface of the sheet. The distribution of residual stress is determined by measuring the relative variation of the wavevelocities at different location of the sample along its thickness. This technique is validated by three different residual stress profiles obtained experimentally.     

升降法确定的疲劳强度估计量的统计特性

当疲劳强度服从正态分布N(μ,σ2)时,文[11]给出了,在特定条件下,Sri=1/2(Si+Si+1)是疲劳强度均值μ的极大似然估计的证明,笔者认为该证明值得商榷.本文将特定条件推广到一般条件,得到了新的结论当疲劳强度服从任何给定的标准差的正态分布N(μ,σ02)时,在一般条件下,Sri=1/2(Si+Si+1)是疲劳强度均值μ的极大似然估计.并给出了严格的证明.     

17N+197Au反应中碎片与中子的符合测量

在3?3?.4MeV/u ¹⁷N束轰击¹⁹⁷Au靶产生的反应中,利用放置于不同角度组合的17个中子探测器(4°—83°)和14个半导体望远镜(2.3°—9.0°)对反应产物碎片与中子进行了符合测量.经对所得实验角分布积分得到Z=3—6元素的同位素产额分布.在参加者-旁观者模型框架下,采用¹⁷N原子核内部的不同密度分布计算了同位素产额分布并与实验数据做比较.     

临界装置绝对裂变率测量

临界装置是在低功率下运行的能够维持可控自持链式裂变反应的装置，一般运行的热功率在1kW以下，与动力堆相对应，一般称为零功率装置。在临界装置上进行的各项研究中，一个重要的参数就是裂变反应率(简称裂变率)，它是其它参数测量的基准，如在脉冲式的反应堆中，还是脉冲裂变总数的测量基准，是脉冲堆的一个主要指标。     

Extended Power Law Nonlinear Response and Amplitude-Dependent ac Susceptibility of High-To Superconductors

We show a nonlinear materials equation of superconductors in the form of an extended power law which can be derived from the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional. The critical current Jc and ac susceptibility X are analysed by using this equation, and the puzzling question of the increasing height of the out-of-phase susceptibility peak Xpeak with increasing amplitude hac is explained.     

兰姆（Lamb，Willis Eugene，1913-）美国物理学家（Physicist，America）

波谱学是通过射频或微波电磁场与物质的共振相互作用研究物质性质和结构的学科。频率范围为10^4-10^12 Hz，测量以频率为主。由于射频和微波的能量子比可见光小得多，因而测量精度高，常用来测定原子的磁矩和电四极矩。分子束是高真空中定向运动的分子流，彼此间相互作用很小，因而可以看作孤立的原子和分子的结合，是研究原子和分子性质的有力工具。     

Efficient Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States

An effcient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations Ⅰ, σx, σx and iσy to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total effciency both approach the maximal values.