Stab-Resistant Performance of the Well-Engineered Soft Body Armor Materials Using Shear Thickening Fluid

Stab-resistant body armor can effectively prevent sharp instruments from attacking the protected parts and reduce the threat to human bodies. Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a kind of smart material with variable viscosity and its viscosity can change significantly with external stimuli. The soft and adaptive characteristics of STF provide a new idea for improving the performance of stab-proof materials. In this work, three kinds of soft anti-stabbing materials were designed and prepared with aramid, poly–p–phenylene benzodioxazole (PBO), and carbon fiber fabrics impregnated with STF. Quasi-static puncture tests and dynamic impact tests were conducted to compare the performance of different anti-stabbing structures. The results showed that the peak piercing force of the STF-treated fabrics in the puncture testing was greatly increased than that of neat samples. Against the D2 knife, the maximum impact load of STF/PBO fiber fabric was increased from 55.8 N to 72.9 N, increasing by 30.6%. Against the D3 spike, the maximum impact load of STF/aramid fabric was increased from 128.9 N to 254.7 N, increasing by 197.6%. The mechanical properties of fibers were important factors for the resistance to knives, and the fabric structure was the key point to bear the spike. Optical photographs of fabric fractures and scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the STF effectively limited the slip of the fiber bundle when the tool penetrated the fabric, which played a positive role in maintaining the tightness and integrity of the fabric structure.     

装甲结构对被动电磁装甲防护射流性能的影响

为了实现被动电磁装甲对射流产生更加充分的破坏作用,减小装甲结构设计对射流参数的依赖性,提出了多层板结构被动电磁装甲。通过对多层板装甲等效电路的分析可知,在射流电阻占系统电阻主导的情况下,随着装甲板层数的增加,通过射流和装甲板的脉冲电流将大大提高。同时对多层装甲板电感计算可知,多层装甲板能够有效减小系统电感。通过对射流在多层装甲板间运动规律的分析,建立了脉冲电流对射流作用的数学模型,通过数值计算可知多层装甲板结构能有效减小射流头部和尾部的有效侵彻长度,并增加脉冲电流对射流的作用时间。     

半穿甲弹设计及穿甲实验研究

为提高半穿甲弹的穿甲能力,设计了一种贫铀半穿甲实验弹。对实验弹的飞行稳定性进行了理论分析及数值模拟,两种方法计算得到的实验弹稳定储备量基本吻合,且能够满足实验弹的飞行稳定性要求。采用100mm滑膛炮,开展了贫铀半穿甲弹侵彻装甲靶板实验。实验结果表明,实验弹飞行稳定,与理论分析及数值模拟结果一致;实验弹在25°倾角下贯穿三层20mm厚GY4装甲钢,且回收到的弹体基本完好。通过对实验后的实验弹和靶板进行分析,认为贫铀半穿甲弹的穿甲能力较强。     

电磁装甲及其物理基础

简述了两种主要电磁装甲的工作原理，概述了电磁装甲的发展状况。     

爆炸成型弹丸对Al2O3装甲陶瓷材料的侵彻实验研究

用爆炸成型弹丸(explosively formed projectile, EFP)对Al2O3装甲陶瓷材料进行了侵彻（depth of penetration, DOP）实验,得到了99Al2O3装甲陶瓷对模拟EFP的质量防护因数和差分防护因数及他们随陶瓷块厚度的变化规律,初步评估了99Al2O3装甲陶瓷对EFP的抗侵彻性能,解释了装甲陶瓷对EFP的抗侵彻过程和机理。研究结果表明,增加约束可以提高陶瓷的抗侵彻性能。     

Temperature and humidity aging of poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers: Chemical and physical characterization

In recent years, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers have become prominent in high strength applications such as body armor, ropes and cables, and recreational equipment. The objectives of this study were to expose woven PBO body armor panels to elevated temperature and moisture, and to analyze the chemical, morphological and mechanical changes in PBO yarns extracted from the panels. A 30% decrease in yarn tensile strength, which was correlated to changes in the infrared peak absorbance of key functional groups in the PBO structure, was observed during the 26 week elevated temperature/elevated moisture aging period. Substantial changes in chemical structure were observed via infrared spectroscopy, as well as changes in polymer morphology using microscopy and neutron scattering. When the panels were removed to an ultra-dry environment for storage for 47 weeks, no further decreases in tensile strength degradation were observed. In a follow-on study, fibers were sealed in argon-filled glass tubes and exposed to elevated temperature; less than a 4% decrease in tensile strength was observed after 30 weeks, demonstrating that moisture is a key factor in the degradation of these fibers.     

舰船舷侧复合装甲结构抗动能穿甲模拟实验

以均质钢板前置复合材料板模拟舰船舷侧复合装甲结构,结合低速弹道冲击实验,分析了结构的 破坏模式和吸能机理,比较了复合材料板与均质钢板的抗弹性能。在此基础上,根据靶板破坏模式,得到了球 头弹穿透组合靶板的剩余速度预测公式,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,复合材料板的面密度吸能远 大于均质钢板的;组合靶板中前置复合装甲板的破坏模式主要为纤维拉伸断裂,而钢质背板则由于前置复合 装甲板的影响,破坏模式主要为花瓣开裂破坏;将剩余速度理论预测值与实验数据进行比较,两者吻合较好。     

不同撞击速度下穿燃弹侵彻陶瓷/铝合金复合靶板时弹芯破碎失效特性研究

为了研究12.7 mm穿燃弹以不同速度撞击陶瓷/铝合金复合靶板时弹芯的破碎及失效特性,开展了12.7 mm穿燃弹以434.5～844.6 m/s速度撞击SiC陶瓷/6061T6铝合金复合靶板的弹道试验,分析了弹靶的失效模式。弹芯在侵彻靶板后会产生不同尺寸的碎片,使用回收箱收集弹芯碎片并用不同孔径筛网对其进行筛分、称重,得到了不同撞击速度下弹芯碎片的质量分布,并对不同部位的弹芯碎片断口形貌进行了宏观和微观观测分析。研究结果表明:背板失效模式为碟形变形-剪切穿孔-花瓣形失效,试验后的弹芯碎片累积质量分布符合Rosin-Rammler幂率分布规律,且随着着靶速度的增大,小质量碎片质量增加;弹芯在冲击过程中等效直径较大碎片（大于8 mm）失效模式为拉伸脆性断裂,而等效直径小于2 mm的碎片上存在局部塑性剪切断裂。     

长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的一种数值模拟方法

陶瓷材料具有高强度和低密度等特点,抗弹性能优越,被广泛用于各类装甲中。长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶时会发生径向流动、质量显著侵蚀而无明显侵彻的界面击溃现象,是陶瓷抗侵彻性能研究中具有重要研究价值的特殊现象。利用有限元软件AUTODYN建立了长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的二维轴对称计算模型,采用Lagrange和光滑粒子流体动力学（smooth particle hydrodynamics, SPH）算法,模拟了柱形钨合金长杆弹撞击带盖板的碳化硅陶瓷,通过改变长杆弹的撞击速度,得到了界面击溃、驻留转侵彻和直接侵彻3个不同现象。讨论了不同建模算法、边界条件以及材料参数对模拟结果的影响。通过网格收敛性验证和与实验结果进行拟合,综合验证了计算模型中算法、边界条件和参数设定的可靠性。结果表明,在建模中若同时使用SPH算法和Lagrange算法,需要考虑粒子和网格大小对于模拟结果的影响。针对长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的界面击溃模拟,不建议对陶瓷材料采用SPH粒子建模。相关建模和参数选择方法对后续陶瓷抗侵彻/界面击溃的数值模拟具有重要的指导意义。

     

陶瓷/金属复合装甲冲击响应的三维SPH法分析

采用自编三维SPH程序对弹体侵彻陶瓷/金属复合装甲问题进行了数值模拟.为了描述金属和陶瓷材料非线性变形及损伤特性,在程序中嵌入Johnson-Cook和Johnson-Holmquist Ⅱ本构模型及Mie-Gruneisen状态方程.SPH计算得到的典型位移随时间变化曲线与实验结果吻合较好.通过数值模拟合理再现了弹体...