爆电换能脉冲大电流输出研究

 基于爆电换能原理,使用掺铌的PZT 95/5陶瓷组装换能器件,在垂直工作模式下,对爆电电源LRC电路响应进行了理论分析,并开展了脉冲大电流输出实验研究。实验采用多组PZT 95/5铁电陶瓷并联,利用平面波发生器作为冲击加载手段,获得了峰值5 kA以上的脉冲大电流,初始电流上升速率可达10~20 GA/s。实验结果与理论设计符合较好。     

Magneto optics of single photons emitted from single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots in a planar microcavity

We fully characterize the fine spectral structure of neutral and negatively charged single microcavity quantum dot excitons, using polarization-sensitive magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. We show that the microcavity allows the simultaneous detection of both the bright and dark excitons using Faraday configuration. Thus, we were able to fully determine the fine structure and the g-factors of the neutral and negatively charged single exciton states within the same single quantum dot. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with novel, many carrier model calculations, which take into account Coulomb and exchange interactions among all the confined e–h pair states.     

A variable metric algorithm for unconstrained minimization without evaluation of derivatives

Summary This paper presents a modification of the BFGS-method for unconstrained minimization that avoids computation of derivatives. The gradients are approximated by the aid of differences of function values. These approximations are calculated in such a way that a complete convergence proof can be given. The presented algorithm is implementable, no exact line search is required. It is shown that, if the objective function is convex and some usually required conditions hold, the algorithm converges to a solution. If the Hessian matrix of the objective function is positive definite and satisfies a Lipschitz-condition in a neighbourhood of the solution, then the rate of convergence is superlinear.     

Quantum cutting in Gd2SiO5: Eu3+ by VUV excitation

The emission and excitation spectra of Gd2SiO5: Eu3+ were investigated using the VUVbeam line of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The experimental results werediscussed in the frame of visible quantum cutting process involved in Gd3+-Eu3+ system. Upon di-rect excitation into the 6GJ states of Gd3+, two visible photon emissions from Eu3+ were observed.Cursory evaluation proved that Gd2SiO5: Eu3+ is an efficient visible quantum cutter.     

YBCO涂层导体用Ni5W基带的制备和立方织构的发展

为了制作能满足YBCO涂层导体（coated conductor）所需要的高强度、低磁性的立方织构基带，本工作用粉末冶金方法制作了Ni-5at％W合金基带．为评估基带中立方织构的发展，用March-Dollase函数对各种热处理样品的择优取向度进行了研究，结果与用X射线极图法和电子背散射衍射法得到的结果基本一致．研究结果表明，在实验中所用的工艺参数范围内，随总加工率和热处理温度的提高，基带中立方织构百分数明显增高．提高总加工率实际增加了冷加工样品中立方织构晶粒或立方核心的数量．实验中得到了较好的和实用的工艺制度，用这种工艺可以制作出具有99％～100％立方织构百分数，并具有很好一致取向度的Ni5W基带．     

Relativistic R-matrix studies of photoionization processes of Ar^5＋

The 3s–np photoionization processes of the ground state 2P1/2 and the metastable state 2P3/2 of Ar5＋ are investigated using our recently developed relativistic R-matrix code, where the interactions between the bound states and the continuum states are included. Both resonance positions and the oscillator strengths are in much better agreement with the absolute experimental measurements by Wang et al.[Wang J C, Lu M, Esteves D, Habibi M, Alna’washi G and Phaneuf R A 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 062712] with a resolution of 80 meV than their theoretical results. The contributions of the two experimental unresolved transitions are distinguished in our calculations, which show that the transitions from the ground state also make significant contributions to some resonances. Our theoretical results are also in good agreement with the measurements for the first resonance with a higher resolution of 20 meV.     

Establishment of hybrid-derived offspring populations in the Ohomopterus ground beetles through unidirectional hybridization

An approach to deduce the mechanism of stabilization of the hybrid-derived populations in the Ohomopterus ground beetles has been made by comparative studies on the phylogenetic trees of the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. A phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal gene roughly reflects the relations of morphological species group, while mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene shows a considerable different topology on the tree; there exist several geographically-linked lineages, most of which consist of more than one species. These results suggest that the replacement of mitochondria has occurred widely in the Ohomopterus species. In most cases, hybridization is unidirectional, i.e., the species A (♂) hybridized with another species B (♀) and not vice versa, with accompanied replacement of mitochondria of A by those of B. The results also suggest that partial or complete occupation of the distribution territory by a hybrid-derived morphological species. The morphological appearance of the resultant hybrid-derivatives are recognized as that of the original species A. Emergence of a morphological new species from a hybrid-derived population has been exemplified.     

Sensing and fluorescence behaviors of complex formation between new lariat crown ethers bearing fluorescence sidearm and metal ions in methanol solution

Fluorescence spectroscopic properties of the complex formation between six new C-pivot16-crown-5 ethers bearing fluorescence side arms and metal ions are studied. Six new C-pivot 16-crown-5 ethers that carry fluorescence side arms were synthesized. The research also included the examination of different fluorescent behavior of the new lariat ethers in the presence of silver and sodium ions (Ag⁺ and Na⁺) in methanol. Because of the good fit of the cavity size of these 16-crown-5 ethers with the Ag⁺ and Na⁺ ions, remarkable change in fluorescent spectra were observed. The results showed that the new lariat crown ethers exhibited enhanced selectivity towards sodium ion, but silver ion show quenching abilities towards the ligands. Cooperative participations of the C-pivot side arm oxygen with the ring oxygen molecules in complexation was also confirmed by the single crystal X-ray crystallography of the complex, (C₂₇H₃₀O₇)·NaClO₄. The freezing of crown ring conformation and the diminishment of the chance of sidearm oscillation that occurred upon complexation with sodium ion are the main causes of fluorescent enhancement. The quenching caused by the addition of silver ion was found to explainable by the photo-induced electron transfer that results in the reduction of silver ions.     

Understanding the polarization signal of spherical particles for microwave limb radiances

This paper presents a simple conceptual model to explain that even spherical scatterers lead to a polarization difference signal for microwave limb radiances. The conceptual model relates the polarization difference measured by a limb-looking sensor situated inside a cloud with the anisotropy of the radiation. In the simulations, it was assumed that the cloud consists of spherical ice particles with a radius of which were situated between 10.6 and 12.3 km altitude. The frequencies 318 and 500 GHz were considered.The results of the conceptual model were compared to the results of the fully polarized scattering model ARTS-1-1. The comparison showed a good qualitative agreement. The polarization difference decreases inside the cloud with increasing height and changes sign. This behavior can be related to a different amount of radiation coming from the atmosphere above and below the cloud, compared to the amount of radiation coming from the sides. The sign of polarization difference of the scattered radiation is opposite for these two radiation sources.