全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14997篇 |
免费 | 1865篇 |
国内免费 | 1645篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8686篇 |
晶体学 | 339篇 |
力学 | 1270篇 |
综合类 | 139篇 |
数学 | 3164篇 |
物理学 | 4909篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 134篇 |
2022年 | 345篇 |
2021年 | 376篇 |
2020年 | 445篇 |
2019年 | 427篇 |
2018年 | 429篇 |
2017年 | 493篇 |
2016年 | 590篇 |
2015年 | 469篇 |
2014年 | 678篇 |
2013年 | 1394篇 |
2012年 | 753篇 |
2011年 | 794篇 |
2010年 | 629篇 |
2009年 | 815篇 |
2008年 | 911篇 |
2007年 | 949篇 |
2006年 | 900篇 |
2005年 | 796篇 |
2004年 | 763篇 |
2003年 | 668篇 |
2002年 | 680篇 |
2001年 | 551篇 |
2000年 | 556篇 |
1999年 | 453篇 |
1998年 | 378篇 |
1997年 | 344篇 |
1996年 | 299篇 |
1995年 | 283篇 |
1994年 | 248篇 |
1993年 | 217篇 |
1992年 | 176篇 |
1991年 | 88篇 |
1990年 | 73篇 |
1989年 | 50篇 |
1988年 | 62篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
We consider the “partial information decomposition” (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the information that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redundant, synergistic, union, and unique components. In the first part of this paper, we propose a general framework for constructing a multivariate PID. Our framework is defined in terms of a formal analogy with intersection and union from set theory, along with an ordering relation which specifies when one information source is more informative than another. Our definitions are algebraically and axiomatically motivated, and can be generalized to domains beyond Shannon information theory (such as algorithmic information theory and quantum information theory). In the second part of this paper, we use our general framework to define a PID in terms of the well-known Blackwell order, which has a fundamental operational interpretation. We demonstrate our approach on numerous examples and show that it overcomes many drawbacks associated with previous proposals. 相似文献
252.
Yibo Li Lingxiao Zhao Laiquan Shi Lingshang Lin Qinghe Cao Cunxu Wei 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(6)
Sweet potato is a root tuber crop and an important starch source. There are hundreds of sweet potato varieties planted widely in the world. Starches from varieties with different genotype types and originating from different countries have not been compared for their physicochemical properties. In the research, starches from 44 sweet potato varieties originating from 15 countries but planted in the same growing conditions were investigated for their physicochemical properties to reveal the similarities and differences in varieties. The results showed that the 44 starches had granule size (D[4,3]) from 8.01 to 15.30 μm. Starches had different iodine absorption properties with OD680 from 0.259 to 0.382 and OD620/550 from 1.142 to 1.237. The 44 starches had apparent amylose content from 19.2% to 29.2% and true amylose content from 14.2% to 20.2%. The starches exhibited A-, CA-, CC-, or CB-type X-ray diffraction patterns. The thermograms of 44 starches exhibited one-, two-, or three-peak curves, leading to a significantly different gelatinization temperature range from 13.1 to 29.2 °C. The significantly different starch properties divide the 44 sweet potato varieties into different groups due to their different genotype backgrounds. The research offers references for the utilization of sweet potato germplasm. 相似文献
253.
交替惩罚三线性分解算法结合三维荧光光谱法同时分辨和测定酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用交替惩罚三线性分解算法(APTLD)结合三维荧光光谱法给出的二维数据对酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸进行了同时定性定量分析,为直接同时测定混合氨基酸中此三种物质提供了一种新的分析方法, 其测定相关系数分别为0.9987,0.9995和0.9993。采用超声波组织细胞破碎法对木槿叶中的氨基酸进行提取,利用APTLD法对提取液中氨基酸进行定量测定,测定相对标准偏差分别为0.84%,0.36%,1.59%, 回收率分别在101.0%~92.7%, 106.5%~93.0%, 103.0%~95.0%之间,方法简洁、快速、准确可靠,结果令人满意。 相似文献
254.
Ultrafine MgAl2O4 powder has been synthesized by a polymerized complex method. Heating of a precursor solution containing citric acid (CA), ethylene glycol (EG) and Mg and Al salts with a molar ratio of Mg/Al/CA/EG=1/2/8/32 at 180°C produced a transparent polymeric gel, which have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and TG/DTA. The organic fraction was removed by controlled thermal treatments (350–1200°C) whereby the bimetallic oxide was formed. XRD analysis showed the presence of MgAl2O4 at 600°C. TEM observation showed that the spherical nanosized powders with good uniformity was obtained. Furthermore, these powders showed excellent sinterability, relative density up to 99.8% was achieved when sintered at 1550°C for 3 h in air without any sintering additive. 相似文献
255.
Yu. V. Zorenko R. M. Turchak T. I. Voznyak A. P. Luchechko 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2006,73(2):211-215
By liquid-phase epitaxy from an aqueous alcoholic solution, we have obtained films of the well-known storage phospor CsBr:Eu,
and we have studied their cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence (PL) spectra compared with the undoped CsBr films. We
have established that the structure of the photoluminescence centers of the CsBr:Eu films when excited by laser radiation
in the absorption band of the Eu2+ ions (λ = 337 nm) includes Eu2+-VCs isolated dipole centers and CsEuBr3 aggregate centers, and also luminescence centers based on inclusions of hydroxyl group OH− with the corresponding emission bands in the 440 nm, 520 nm, and 600 nm regions. We have studied the dependence of the spectra
and the intensity of the photoluminescence for CsBr:Eu films on annealing temperature in air at 423–483 K, compared with analogous
dependences for CsBr:Eu single crystals obtained from the melt. We have shown that annealing the films at T = 423–463 K leads
to rapid formation of CsEuBr3 aggregate luminescence centers, while for T > 473 K thermal degradation of these centers occurs.
We conclude that the observed differences between the photoluminescence spectra of CsBr:Eu films and CsBr:Eu single crystals
may be due to additional doping of the films with OH− ions.
__________
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 191–194, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
256.
Effects of Nb2O5 on thermal stability and optical properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses 下载免费PDF全文
Er3+-doped tellurite glasses with molar compositions of
xNb2O5-(14.7-x)Na2O--10ZnO--5K2O--10GeO2--
60TeO2--0.3Er2O3
(x=0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been investigated for developing 1.5~μm
fibre and planar amplifiers. The effects of Nb2O5 on the thermal stability
and optical properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses have been discussed.
It is noted that the incorporation of Nb2O5 (x=5) increases the thermal
stability of tellurite glasses significantly. Er3+-doped niobium tellurite
glasses exhibit a large stimulated emission cross-section (7.2\times 10-21-
10.7×10-21~cm2 and the gain bandwidth, FWHM×\sigmae^{\rm peak} (274\times 10-28 - 480×10-28~cm3), which are
significantly higher than that of silicate and phosphate glasses. In addition, the
intensity of upconversion luminescence of the Er3+-doped niobium tellurite
glasses decreases rapidly with increasing Nb2O5 content. As a result,
Er3+-doped niobium tellurite glasses might be a potential candidate for
developing laser or optical amplifier devices. 相似文献
257.
258.
259.
针对圆柱腔低频声场的球谐函数分解,提出了基于移动式球形传声器阵列(简称球阵)测量的空间域直接求解法。利用空间域测量数据,在压缩感知(Compressive Sensing,CS)理论框架下通过一次线性方程组求解,获得整体坐标系下的声场展开系数。首先讨论了感知矩阵的列相关性,比较不同球阵形式及球面采样点数目,不同球谐函数截断阶数以及空间测量位置等的影响。随后在飞机舱室模型内利用文中提出的方法求解声场展开系数,再现腔内水平面的声压分布,并与传统球坐标变换方法做比较。实验结果表明,利用空间域直接求解法,通过球面随机挑选10个采样点的刚性球阵在声腔3个位置进行声场测量,不仅能够有效求解声场展开系数,而且声场再现精度更高,同时计算效率也显著提高。 相似文献
260.
将单层二硫化钼用石墨烯进行封装,构造了石墨烯和二硫化钼的范德瓦耳斯异质结构,并且分别在氩气(Ar)和氢气(H2)氛围下,详细研究了被封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性.结果表明:在氩气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直保持稳定,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在1000℃时几乎全部分解;在氢气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直稳定存在,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在800℃下已经完全分解.综上可得,在氩气和氢气的氛围下,被石墨烯封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性得到了显著的提高.该研究通过用石墨烯将单层的二硫化钼进行封装以提高其热稳定性,在未来以单层二硫化钼作为基础材料的电子器件中,可以保证其在高温下能够正常工作.该研究也为提高其他二维材料的热稳定性提供了一种可行的方法和思路. 相似文献