Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Phase Composition,Thermal and Post-Heating Behavior of Cementitious Composites

This paper experimentally investigates the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on phase composition, microstructure deterioration, thermal behavior, and residual mechanical strengths of cementitious composites exposed to elevated temperatures. Cement mortars with small dosages of CNTs, 0.05% and 0.2% by weight of cement, were prepared and then heated at 25 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C for two hours before being tested. The results show positive impact of the CNTs on the hydration process of cement mortar at room temperature and at higher temperatures up to 200 °C. Decomposition of the hydration products is obvious at 450 °C, whereas sever deterioration in the microstructure occurs at 600 °C. The nano reinforcement and bridging effect of the CNTs are obvious up to 450 °C. Thermal behavior characterization shows that CNTs incorporation enhances the thermal conductivity of the unheated and heat-treated mortar specimens. The decomposition of the hydration products needs more heat in the presence of CNTs. Finally, presence of CNTs significantly enhances the residual compressive and flexural strengths of heated mortar specimens for all studied temperatures.     

锂电池极片微结构优化及可控制备技术进展

锂离子电池是应用最广泛的电化学储能器件,目前,经济的快速发展对其提出了更高的要求。 电极微观结构对电池性能影响显著,电极微结构精细设计及可控制备成为锂离子电池领域的研究热点之一。 本文结合锂离子电池最新发展趋势,总结了锂离子电池电极反应基本过程及电极微结构的表征技术,然后概述了近几年电极微观结构的设计与优化,并分析了电极微结构的关键特征。 基于理想的电极结构,综述了电极可控制备技术的最新进展。     

Relationship between grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystals and amorphous microstructure

The effects of microstructure on diffusion behaviors of Ni in Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscope and secondary ion mass spectrum. The temperature dependence of Ni diffusivities in Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ alloy with different states (metallic glass, nanocrystals and coarse crystals) has been measured in the temperature range of 693–723 K. The results show that diffusion behavior is microstructure dependence, and the relations between the microstructure and diffusion are discussed. The activity energy of the grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystals calculated by the Suzuoka solution is about 1.433 eV/atom. It is equivalent with that of metallic glass, which is attributed to the similar microstructure between the two. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and characterization of novel polyimide‐silica hybrids

Polyimide‐silica (PI‐SiO₂) hybrids were prepared from a novel polyimide (PI), derived from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 1,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)hexane (synthesized) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline. SiO₂ networks (5–30 wt%) were generated through sol–gel process using either tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or a mixture of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane‐PMDA‐based coupling oligomers (APA) and TEOS. Thin, free standing hybrid films were obtained from the respective mixtures by casting and curing processes. The hybrid films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. ²⁹Si NMR results provide information about formation of organically modified silicate structures that were further substantiated by FE‐SEM and AFM micrographs. Contact angle measurements and thermogravimetric thermograms reveal that the addition of APA profoundly influences surface energy, interfacial tension, thermal stability and the residual char yield of modified hybrids in comparison to those obtained by mixing only TEOS. It was found that reduced particle size, efficient dispersion and improved interphase interactions were responsible for the eventual property enhancement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

La2O3对氧化铝透明陶瓷显微结构和透光性能的影响

采用传统无压烧结工艺在氢气氛下制备Al2O3透明陶瓷。实验结果表明：MgO和La2O3复合添加时，随着La2O3掺杂量的增加体积密度总体上保持上升的趋势。随着保温时间的延长，陶瓷的致密化程度增大，残余气孔逐步排出，晶粒进一步长大。采用La2O3和MgO复合添加比单独掺入MgO陶瓷样品透过率更高，掺杂效果更好。在烧结温度为1750℃，保温时问为1h条件下，在波艮为300～800nm测试范围内，陶瓷样品的全透过率大于82％，最大值为86％。     

Mg-Ni-Nd非晶电极合金充放电过程中的组织结构变化及对其放电容量的影响

采用熔体快淬法制备了(Mg70.6 Ni29.4)90Nd10的非晶贮氢合金带,用X射线衍射仪和高分辨电镜对该合金在充放电循环过程中的组织结构演变进行了动态跟踪.结果表明:(Mg70.6Ni29.4)90Nd10贮氢合金在充放电循环过程中由非晶态慢慢晶化为纳米晶,初生相NdMg2 Ni9在循环过程中逐渐转化为Mg2 Ni,α-Mg和Nd2H5相.电化学性能测试表明,由于微观结构的变化对其放电容量的影响过程分为3个阶段:首先是前两个循环的活化过程,在第3个循环达到放电容量最高值(580.5 mAh·g-1);接下来是放电容量显著降低的4～10个循环阶段;最后是放电容量保持稳定的11 ～20个循环.研究发现NdMg2 Ni9相的存在和保持合金的非晶结构是提高镁基电极合金循环稳定性的重要因素.     

Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure,electric and optical properties of Ce<Subscript>0.8</Subscript>Gd<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2−δ</Subscript> + 2 mol % TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The effect of the sintering temperature of the Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_2?δ + 2 mol % TiO₂ on its microstructure, electric, and optical properties was studied using the methods of x-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conductivity and ellipsometry. It is shown that the electrolyte lattice parameter decreases at an increase in the sintering temperature. The pattern of the sample surface obtained using the SEM method points to the dominating role of the sintering temperature in the formation of the electrolyte microstructure. Variation of optical properties as dependent on the synthesis temperature is also determined by the microstructure parameters of ceramics: presence of pores, formation of grain interfaces.     

新型精铸热锻模具钢高温磨损性能同其显微组织的相关性

研究了经不同热处理条件下的新型精铸热锻模具钢的组织同其高温磨损性能的相关性,对比分析了新型铸钢与H13锻钢的高温磨损性能,并探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明:新型精铸热锻模具钢的高温耐磨性能明显优于锻钢H13;在马氏体、贝氏体和马贝复相3种组织中,贝氏体和马贝复相的高温耐磨性能较好,马氏体相的高温耐磨性能最差;经过400～620℃回火处理的新型精铸热锻模具钢的硬度为42～43HRC,高温耐磨性能较好;当回火温度大于650℃或小于400℃时,新型精铸热锻模具钢的磨损率明显增大,耐磨性显著降低.     

Effective elastic moduli of an inhomogeneous medium with cracks

In the present paper, the effective elastic moduli of an inhomogeneous medium with cracks are derived and obtained by taking into account its microstructural properties which involve the shape, size and distribution of cracks and the interaction between cracks. Numerical results for the periodic microstructure of different dimensions are presented. From the results obtained, it can be found that the distribution of cracks has a significant effect on the effective elastic moduli of the material. The project supported by the National Education Committee for Doctor     

Multi-scale homogenization-based modeling of semi-crystalline polymers

This paper presents a finite-strain, multi-scale constitutive model for semi-crystalline polymers, accounting explicitly for the current state and evolution of the underlying crystallographic, lamellar and morphological texture. Specifically, a semi-crystalline polymer is modeled as a two-scale composite, assumed to be, at the larger length scale, an aggregate of randomly distributed grains that, at the smaller length scale, are made up of alternating layers of an amorphous and a crystalline phase. The model incorporates finite elasticity for the amorphous phase and crystallographic hardening for the crystalline phase. The instantaneous effective response of this composite is determined by means of multi-scale homogenization methods, consisting in the use of a “linear comparison composite” (LCC) with the same internal structure as the actual nonlinear composite, with local properties that are optimally chosen via suitably designed variational principles. The effective properties of the resulting two-scale LCC are obtained through a “sequential” homogenization procedure, involving the exact solution for the effective behavior of the lamellar grains and a self-consistent estimate for the aggregate. The latter results are also used to establish evolution laws for the appropriate internal variables in the material. The predictions of the model for the macroscopic response and texture evolution in high-density polyethylene are confronted with available experimental results and compared with those of earlier models.