利用分子动力学方法铁素体-渗碳体相界面效应探究

珠光体是十分重要的组织结构,因此本文构建了含铁素体-渗碳体相界面的模型,并采用分子动力学模拟方法模拟纳米压入的过程。通过对模拟结果的力学性能和组织结构分析,探究了铁素体-渗碳体相界面效应。研究发现,距铁素体-渗碳体晶界不同距离（位置压入）,在压入最初阶段,压头载荷随着压头与晶界距离的增大而增大,当压入深度达到一定深度后,载荷随着距离的增大而减小。杨氏模量和最大剪切模量受压头尖端下方原子结构的直接影响,硬度受到结构完整性和类型的共同影响。铁素体-渗碳体相界面影响了纳米压入过程中位错形核、增殖和扩展,宏观表现为在相同压入深度下,不同压入位置压头载荷的差异。     

计及相变微结构演化的形状记忆合金本构描述

基于对NiTi形状记忆合金的实验观察及有限元分析,考虑两相间的应变不协调关系,采用应变修正法建立了计及片层状微结构的本构模型,本模型考虑了两相间的相互约束,及其约束随微结构演化的变化规律.研究了NiTi形状记忆合金微圆管在拉伸和扭转下的响应特性.计算结果与实验结果的对比表明所建本构模型较好地描述了伪弹性响应尤其是较好地描述了拉伸实验过程中的应力跌落现象.     

Evaluation of Vetiver Volatile Compound Production under Aeroponic-Grown Conditions for the Perfume Industry

Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is a major tropical perfume crop. Access to its essential oil (EO)-filled roots is nevertheless cumbersome and land-damaging. This study, therefore, evaluated the potential of vetiver cultivation under soilless high-pressure aeroponics (HPA) for volatile organic compound (VOC) production. The VOC accumulation in the roots was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and the composition of these VOCs was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after sampling by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The HPA-grown plants were compared to plants that had been grown in potting soil and under axenic conditions. The HPA-grown plants were stunted, demonstrating less root biomass than the plants that had been grown in potting soil. The roots were slender, thinner, more tapered, and lacked the typical vetiver fragrance. HPA cultivation massively impaired the accumulation of the less-volatile hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes that normally form most of the VOCs. The axenic, tissue-cultured plants followed a similar and more exacerbated trend. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that the HPA conditions altered root ontogeny, whereby the roots contained fewer EO-accumulating cells and hosted fewer and more immature intracellular EO droplets. These preliminary results allowed to conclude that HPA-cultivated vetiver suffers from altered development and root ontology disorders that prevent EO accumulation.     

基于同步辐射原位CT的水牛角结构性能关系研究

为探究水牛角的结构性能关系,基于上海同步辐射光源搭建了高分辨原位CT系统,对水牛角角鞘进行初始表征和准静态压缩下的实时表征,并通过Top-Hat方法提取了角鞘内孔洞三维形貌.结果显示,水牛角角鞘孔隙率在1％左右,椭圆柱状孔洞沿牛角生长方向排列成线,首尾相连却并未连通,均匀分布在波浪状片层之间.孔洞特征椭球的轴长分布满足...     

Microstructure of polymers obtained by cationic polymerization of endo-dicyclopentadiene

endo-Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) was polymerized by various cationic initiating systems in different solvents. IR and ¹H NMR results show that four types of structural units are formed due to the corresponding addition modes: the addition on the norbornenic (NB) double bond generates unit I and rearranged unit II, while the addition on the cyclopentenic (CP) double bond produces unit III and rearranged unit IV. The reaction medium has a stronger effect on the microstructure of the polymer (PDCPD) than initiating systems. The polymers prepared in toluene and n-hexane contain all four structural units, while the polymer produced in methylene chloride is composed of structural units II and IV. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects on the evolution of microstructure and properties of low-silicon cast aluminum alloys in service

ABSTRACT

The microstructure evolution and property change of four kinds of low silicon cast aluminum alloy exposed to heat for 0–50?h at 200°C were studied by means of Brinell hardness test, tensile property test, friction and wear property test and XRD analysis. The results show that with increasing thermal exposure time, the tensile strength of each group of samples decreased and the amount of wear increased. The tensile strength of samples with more Si content decreased slowly. When the time increased to 50?h, the increase of wear loss was the largest. The hardness of samples after thermal exposure increases compared with that before thermal exposure. The residual stress of (311) diffraction crystal surface of AlSi3.5Mg0.66 under different thermal exposure time was measured. The type of residual stress changed from residual tensile stress to residual compressive stress after thermal exposure. There is an abnormal phenomenon that the hardness of the sample increased and the amount of wear increased, and it is evident that the distribution of residual stress was inhomogeneous after thermal exposure. It is found that with increasing thermal exposure time to 50?h, the average lattice distortion ε of the low-index crystal plane and the high-index crystal plane in the aluminum alloys gradually increased.     

微观结构对溶胶-凝胶法合成的La0.67Sr0.33MnO3电磁性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同烧结温度的钙钛矿类锰氧化物La0.67Sr0.33MnO3样品。实验结果表明,在1573 K以上烧结的样品,晶粒出现异常长大,晶界效应明显。随着烧结温度的提高,磁化强度逐渐增大,但样品的居里温度基本不变。此外,在1173和1573 K温度下烧结的样品,均出现了低于居里温度的金属-半导体导电行为转变。在合适的烧结条件下,可以观察到隧道磁电阻(TMR)和超大磁电阻(CMR)2种磁电阻效应。实验表明,自旋电子的输运,不仅与样品平均粒径的大小和密度有关,而且与晶界的微观结构有密切关系。     

Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Phase Composition,Thermal and Post-Heating Behavior of Cementitious Composites

This paper experimentally investigates the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on phase composition, microstructure deterioration, thermal behavior, and residual mechanical strengths of cementitious composites exposed to elevated temperatures. Cement mortars with small dosages of CNTs, 0.05% and 0.2% by weight of cement, were prepared and then heated at 25 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C for two hours before being tested. The results show positive impact of the CNTs on the hydration process of cement mortar at room temperature and at higher temperatures up to 200 °C. Decomposition of the hydration products is obvious at 450 °C, whereas sever deterioration in the microstructure occurs at 600 °C. The nano reinforcement and bridging effect of the CNTs are obvious up to 450 °C. Thermal behavior characterization shows that CNTs incorporation enhances the thermal conductivity of the unheated and heat-treated mortar specimens. The decomposition of the hydration products needs more heat in the presence of CNTs. Finally, presence of CNTs significantly enhances the residual compressive and flexural strengths of heated mortar specimens for all studied temperatures.     

多孔柿饼状BiOBr光催化剂的简易溶剂热法合成（英文）

以硝酸铋和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为Bi和Br源,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助溶剂热法首次成功制备了多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状溴氧化铋(BiOBr)。通过多种分析技术对分级微米结构BiOBr材料的物化性质进行了表征,并对其在可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化活性进行了评价。结果表明,溶剂热时间和PVP的加入量对产物的颗粒形貌和结晶度有显著影响。当加入0.7 g PVP时,120℃溶剂热处理12 h,可得到多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品。多孔柿饼状BiOBr样品的比表面积为4 m2·g^-1,带隙能为2.64 eV,在可见光区具有较强的光吸收性能,具有良好的可见光驱动降解MB的光催化活性和稳定性。我们推断,多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品具有优良的可见光催化性能,这与该样品的较高比表面积、多孔结构、低带隙能以及独特的颗粒形貌有关。     

Cu2O/ZnO的形貌可控制备及光催化性能

以CuSO₄和ZnCl₂为原料, 采用温和的液相还原法制备得到Cu₂O/ZnO微米结构高效光催化剂. 研究了不同[Cu²⁺]/[Zn²⁺]比条件下所得Cu₂O/ZnO复合物的形貌和光催化活性. 通过5.5 h的光照, Cu₂O/ZnO光催化剂对甲基橙染料的降解率为(77.5±0.1)%. 将多形貌Cu₂O/ZnO复合物作为阳极, 铂片作为对电极, 中间注入甲基橙溶液, 组装“三明治”结构拟电池, 研究了复合物的光降解机制.