Biomimetic apatite formation and biocompatibility on chemically treated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy

Alkali treatment of the Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloys with subsequent heat treatment has been adopted as an important surface treatment procedure for apatite formation in dental implants. This study examined the effects of alkali treatment on the precipitation of apatite on a Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy. All samples were immersed in a Hanks' Balanced Salts Solution [simulated body fluid (SBF)] at pH 7.4 and 36.5 °C for 15 days. The surface structural changes of samples due to the alkali treatment and immersing in SBF were analyzed by XRD, SEM and XPS. The cell toxicity was evaluated based on the optical density of the surviving cells. The samples were implanted into the abdominal connective tissue of mice for 4 weeks. A sodium titanate hydrogel layer was formed after immersion in an NaOH solution. A dense and uniform bone‐like apatite layer precipitated on the alkali and heat‐treated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy in the SBF. There was a significant difference in cell toxicity between the treated and untreated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb (P < 0.05). The thickness of the fibrous capsule formed around the implant body was decreased significantly by the alkali and heat treatment (P < 0.05). The alkali treatment samples showed a better biocompatibility than the commercial metal samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition

Bioactive glass (BG), calcium hydroxyapatite (HA), and ZrO₂ doped HA thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on Ti substrates. An UV KrF^* (λ = 248 nm, τ ≥ 7 ns) excimer laser was used for the multi-pulse irradiation of the targets. The substrates were kept at room temperature or heated during the film deposition at values within the (400-550 °C) range. The depositions were performed in oxygen and water vapor atmospheres, at pressure values in the range (5-40 Pa). The HA coatings were heat post-treated for 6 h in a flux of hot water vapors at the same temperature as applied during deposition. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline quality of the obtained thin films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. The films were seeded for in vitro tests with Hek293 (human embryonic kidney) cells that revealed a good adherence on the deposited layers. Biocompatibility tests showed that cell growth was better on HA than on BG thin films.     

Calcination of Rod-like Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals with an Anti-sintering Agent Surrounding the Crystals

Sintering-free nanocrystals of calcined hydroxyapatite (HAp) having a rod-like morphology were fabricated by calcination at 800°C for 1 h with an anti-sintering agent surrounding original HAp particles and the agent was subsequently removed after calcination. The original HAp particles having a rod-like morphology with a size ranging from 30 to 80 nm (short axis) and 300 to 500 nm (long axis) were prepared by wet chemical process, and poly(acrylic acid, calcium salt) (PAA-Ca) was used as the anti-sintering agent. In the case of calcination without additives, the mean size of HAp crystals dispersed in an ethanol medium increased by about 4 times and the specific surface area of the crystals exhibited a 25% decrease compared to those of the original HAp particles because of calcination-induced sintering among the crystals. On the other hand, the HAp crystals calcined with the anti-sintering agent, PAA-Ca, could be dispersed in an ethanol medium at the same size as the original particles, and they preserved the specific surface area after calcination. These results indicate that PAA-Ca and/or its thermally decomposed product, CaO, surrounded the HAp particles and protected them against calcination-induced sintering during calcination. The HAp crystals calcined with PAA-Ca showed high crystallinity, and no other calcium phosphate phases could be detected after washing with water.     

Hydroxyapatite Nano Sol Prepared via A Mechanochemical Route

Well-dispersed sol with crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) was obtained directly by milling a mixture comprising Ca(OH)₂, an aqueous solution of H₃PO₄ and a dispersant, an ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid. The average crystallite size of HAp was below 20 nm. Ca/P molar ratio of the product was 1.51 ± 0.04, i.e. Ca deficient from stoichiometric HAp. Minimum apparent viscosity was attained at a dispersant concentration 0.92wt% of sol. An as-milled sol was diluted by a factor 10–2.61 solid wt% to give a Newtonian fluid of 2 mPa s. From the diluted sol, we obtained a few m thick dense film of HAp by dip coating on the slide glass precoated by chitosan.     

不同形貌羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒的可控合成及其对骨肉瘤细胞生长的影响

制备不同形貌羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒,检测其对骨肉瘤细胞生长的影响.采用化学沉淀的方法,可控制备球形和杆状纳米羟基磷灰石,并通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力学显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和X-射线衍射仪（XRD）对所制备的颗粒进行表征.通过光镜和投射电子显微镜分析不同形貌羟基磷灰石颗粒对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和形貌的影响.结果表明,球形纳米羟基磷灰石对骨肉瘤细胞的抑制作用更明显.     

珊瑚水热转换羟基磷灰石中的影响因素

分别在不同的反应温度、不同的pH值、加矿化剂与否的条件下,将滨珊瑚水热转换为珊瑚羟基磷灰石。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对产物和中间产物的物相和微结构进行了分析。发现不同条件下存在有不同的反应路径。考察了反应温度、pH值和矿化剂对珊瑚水热反应的影响。     

氢键影响羟基磷灰石结晶形态的理论模型研究

在矿化环境下,羟基磷灰石晶体生长习性受矿化剂的影响.本文着重研究了氢键对羟基磷灰石结晶形态的影响,建立了矿化剂OH-晶面OH动态平衡吸附模型,引入动态平衡吸附参数k,用来描述这种影响的程度.根据Wulff定理,通过结晶学计算可知随着羟基磷灰石晶体的长大,{10 10}邻位面最终将消失;若不存在矿化剂(k=0)或者矿化剂对羟基磷灰石晶体的氢键作用很小(0≤k≤0.11865)时,{10 11}晶面也将逐渐消失;矿化剂对羟基磷灰石晶体的氢键作用较大(0.11865＜k＜1)时,{10 11}晶面将保留;作出长径比H～k曲线,可知H随k的增大而增大,k对H影响甚微.     

电化学共沉积HA/胶原复合涂层及其生物性能初探

应用电化学恒电流共沉积法在医用纯钛基底上制备羟基磷灰石(HA)/胶原(collagen)复合涂层.SEM和XPS等测试表明:复合涂层呈特定有序的纳-微米二级多孔结构,化学组分为HA和胶原的有机-无机复合.借助体外细胞的培养实验观察种植于不同材料表面的细胞贴壁及生长形态,显示电化学共沉积的复合涂层具有比纯HA或纯钛表面更好的生物相容性.     

干摩擦条件下Al18B4O33晶须增强AC4C铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

利用环－块磨损试验机,在干摩擦条件下研究了铸态与Ｔ６处理态Ａｌ１８Ｂ４Ｏ３３晶须增强ＡＣ４Ｃ铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：与铸态复合材料相经,Ｔ６处理态复合材料的耐磨性较差;晶须与基体间的界面化学反应影响复合材料的摩擦磨损特性,在本文试验载荷范围内,复合材料发生了由轻度磨损向严重磨损的转化;在高载荷下,除 了产生擦伤和粘着,在表层和次表层发生的应变硬化还会导致界面开裂、晶须断裂和分离;在低