冲击作用下HMX晶体孔洞塌缩热点生成机制的细观数值模拟

热点的形成、点火以及成长过程是理解非均匀炸药冲击起爆的关键.采用离散元法,对冲击作用下含孔洞的HMX晶体进行了细观数值模拟.计算结果表明:在较低冲击作用下,孔洞边缘发生了较大的剪切变形,粘塑性功形成热点;而在较高冲击作用下,孔洞塌缩产生射流,汇聚流动,冲击下游炸药形成热点,并获得了孔洞塌缩和热点生成演化的细观过程.     

主喷管叶片中热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响

 连续波化学激光器运转时,位于主喷管叶片内的副气流的分流管道壁面将被主喷管叶片加热而形成热壁面。通过3维的数值模拟,分析了单端、双端不同供气方式下,热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响。热壁面将使总管气流总温沿着气流的流动方向逐渐升高,由此引起的支管入口总温的升高会降低支管的流量。无论是单端供气,还是双端供气,热壁面引起的管道流量波动幅度都要远大于绝热壁面的情况,最大波动幅度达2.16%。对进入总管的气流预热,适当增加供气总温,或将冷却管道与供气管道分开设计,气流总温变化引起的流量波动将会得到一定地抑制。     

双荧光层靶Kα线强度比诊断靶内超热电子温度

 利用双荧光层复合靶产生的Kα特征线强度比诊断了靶内超热电子的温度,即通过实验测量复合靶中两种不同材料荧光层辐射出的Kα特征线强度比,结合ITS3.0程序模拟结果,对超热电子温度进行诊断。将诊断结果与实验中利用电子磁谱仪测量的超热电子温度进行了比较,二者基本一致。结果表明,选取适当的荧光层靶厚,可以利用双荧光层复合靶产生的Kα特征线强度比对靶内的超热电子温度进行诊断。     

Phase transition behavior and piezoelectric properties of low-Li and high-Sb modified KNN based piezoceramics

(Na_0.5K_0.5)_0.975Li_0.025Nb_0.82−xSb_xTa_0.18O₃ lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method. All samples possess a pure perovskite phase, and no secondary phase could be certified. The crystal structure changes from tetragonal to pseudo-cubic with increasing amount of Sb. The ferroelectric Curie temperature (T_c) shifts to lower temperature while the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition temperature (T_o-t) shows no obvious change with increasing Sb⁵⁺. Enhanced piezoelectric and electromechanical properties are obtained with x=0.06: d₃₃=352 pC/N, k_p=47% and k_t=38%, showing that they could be promising candidates as lead-free piezoelectric materials.     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

Apatite type lanthanum silicate and composite anode half cells

Apatite type rare earth silicates are being extensively studied as electrolyte material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this paper we presents results on synthesis of Al and/or Fe-doped ATLS, the design of compatible anode materials, thermal expansion properties and co-sintering of half-cells from expansion matched materials using the advanced pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) technique. The issues related to the co-sintering of half cells have been addressed successfully by the combined use of nano powders and PECS.     

Fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell based on doped ceria electrolyte by one-step sintering at 800 °C

Ce_0.8Gd_0.05Y_0.15O_1.9 (GYDC) electrolyte was prepared by a carbonate co-precipitation method. Lithium nitrate at 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mol% was added to GYDC as sintering additive. 96% relative density was achieved for GYDC at sintering temperature of 800 °C with addition of 1.5 mol% LiNO₃. The conductivities of GYDC with sintering aids LiNO₃ were measured by a.c. impedance spectroscopy and showed comparable values to that of pure GYDC sample sintered at 1400 °C. A single cell with 1.5 mol% LiNO₃ infiltrated GYDC electrolyte was fabricated by sintering at 800 °C for only 2 h. Lithiated NiO was synthesized by the glycine-nitrate combustion method and employed as cathode material. The cell was tested at temperatures from 500 to 575 °C and a maximum power density of 73 mW cm^− 2 was obtained at 575 °C. These preliminary results indicate that LiNO₃ is a very effective sintering additive for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell fabrication.     

Study of Sm-doped ZnO samples sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere and deposited on n-Si(1 0 0) by evaporation technique

The samarium doping zinc oxide (Zn_1-xSm_xO) with (x=0.0, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.17) polycrystalline thin films have been deposited on n-Si(1 0 0) substrate using thermal evaporation technique. Ceramic targets for deposition were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction method and sintered in nitrogen atmospheres. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the bulk and films features reveal wurtzite crystal structure with a preferential (1 0 1) crystallographic orientation and grows as hexagonal shape grains. According to the results of the Hall effect measurements, all the films show p-type conductivity, possibly a result of nitrogen incorporation into the Sm-doped ZnO samples. Magnetic measurements show that ferromagnetic behavior depends on the Sm³⁺ concentration. For a film with lower Sm₂O₃ contents (x=0.04), a phenomenon of paramagnetism has been observed. While, with further increase of Sm³⁺ contents (x=0.05) the ferromagnetic behavior has been observed at room temperature. However, at higher doping content of Sm³⁺, the ferromagnetic behavior was suppressed. The decrease of ferromagnetism with increasing doping concentration demonstrates that ferromagnetism observed at room temperature is an intrinsic property of Zn_1-xSm_xO films.     

High coercive Nd-Fe-B magnets fabricated via two-step sintering

The fabrication of Nd₁₁Dy₄Fe_76.5TM_2.5B₆ (TM=Co, Cu, Al, and Nb: at%) sintered magnets via a two-step sintering process was demonstrated. A densification of greater than 99% was achieved using the two-step sintering of the Nd-Fe-B powder. This process produced a sample with an average grain size of 6.2 μm in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase, resulting in an enhancement of the coercivity compared to that of the isothermally sintered sample. The suppression of grain growth was considered to be affected by the relatively low temperature during the two-step sintering and by the presence of a B-rich phase at the triple junction. Consequently, the two-step sintering process led to suppression of grain growth and a uniform grain size distribution, which resulted in improved magnetic properties, in particular in the intrinsic coercivity.     

新型高效太阳能电池研究进展

第三代太阳能电池以超高效率、薄膜化、低成本为主要目标,目前发展起来的有多结叠层太阳能电池、中间带太阳能电池、多激子产生太阳能电池、热载流子太阳能电池和热光伏太阳能电池等.文章简要介绍了以上几种新型太阳能电池的工作原理和最新进展,并对其发展前景作了分析和预测.