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91.
To improve the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a crosslinked aromatic thermosetting polyester (ATSP) has been blended directly with PTFE. Cured ATSP powder which was directly synthesized as a cured powder form was used for this application. Because of the similar processing temperature range of cured ATSP and PTFE, composites within the entire composition range were successfully prepared by blending these two powders using a hot press. Tribological pin‐on‐disk tests (composite pins sliding against gray cast iron disks) showed improvement on friction coefficient of all composites and much less wear than pure PTFE. The composites survived at contact pressures of 7 MPa, which is higher than either pure PTFE or pure ATSP could sustain. With an increase in the amount of ATSP in the composites, storage modulus, and glass transition temperature were higher, and the wear resistance was enhanced. SEM images helped provide explanations for the unusually low mean wear rates that were observed for these composite samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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93.
We discuss a short-time existence theorem of solutions to the initial value problem for a third order dispersive flow for closed curves into a compact almost Hermitian manifold. Our equations geometrically generalize a physical model describing the motion of vortex filament. The classical energy method cannot work for this problem since the almost complex structure of the target manifold is not supposed to be parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection. In other words, a loss of one derivative arises from the covariant derivative of the almost complex structure. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce a bounded pseudodifferential operator acting on sections of the pullback bundle, and eliminate the loss of one derivative from the partial differential equation of the dispersive flow. 相似文献
94.
Jagdeep S. Sagu K.G. Upul Wijayantha Paul Holland Mallika Bohm Siva Bohm Tapan Kumar Rout Hemaka Bandulasena 《Crystal Research and Technology》2016,51(8):466-474
Carbon emissions from industrial sources are of major global concern, especially contributions from the steel manufacturing process which accounts for the majority of emissions. Typical blast furnace gases consist of CO2 (20‐25%), CO (20‐25%), H2 (3‐5%) and N2 (40‐50%) and trace amounts of other gases. It is demonstrated that gas mixtures with these compositions can be used at atmospheric pressure to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on to steel substrates, which act as catalysts for CNT growth. Computational modelling was used to investigate the CNT growth conditions inside the CVD chamber. The results show that industrial waste pollutant gases can be used to manufacture materials with significant commercial value, in this case CNTs. 相似文献
95.
Mahrokh Elyassi Alimorad Rashidi Mohammad Reza Hantehzadeh Seyed Mohammad Elahi 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2017,49(4):230-237
In this study, different types of graphene were synthesized to investigate hydrogen adsorption capacity at different pressures (0–34 bar) at room temperature (298 K). Graphene and nanoporous graphene were prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, using methane as a carbon source at a temperature of 900 °C over copper plates and nickel oxide nanocatalyst. The nickel oxide nanocatalyst was prepared by sol–gel method, whereas graphene oxide was prepared through modified Hummer's method. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption of hydrogen was done by volumetric method. High adsorption capacity was achieved in nanoporous graphene because of its high pore volume (2.11 cm3/g) and large specific surface area (850 m2/g). Hydrogen adsorption values for nanoporous graphene, graphene and graphene oxide were determined as 2.56, 1.70 and 0.74 wt%, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen adsorption of graphene nanostructures fitted nicely to the selected two‐parameter and three‐parameter adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm model coefficients have been found for a 0–34 bar pressure range. The parameter values for all adsorbents showed proper conformity to the model and experimental data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
In this paper we describe an environmentally friendly and sensitive method for the determination of ten primary amines in sewage sludge. The method is based on pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) followed by simultaneous derivatization with pentafluorobenzaldehyde (PFBAY) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and subsequent gas-chromatography ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-IT-MS-MS) analysis. The influence of the main factors on the PHWE of sludge was optimized by a central composite design. For all species the optimal conditions were water at pH 4 as the extracting solvent, an extraction temperature of 100 °C and an extraction time of 15 min. The separation and detection of the ten amines by GC-IT-MS-MS took just 10 min and the entire process took approximately 1 h. Repeatability and reproducibility between days, expressed as RSD (%) (n = 5), were less than 19 and 24%, respectively. The average limit of detection (LOD) was of 65 μg kg−1 s (range found 9-135) and the average limit of quantification (LOQ) was of 230 μg kg−1 (range found 50-450) of dry weight (d.w.). Under optimized conditions we used this method to determine the compounds in industrial and municipal sewage sludge samples and in sludge from a potable water treatment plant. Methylamine and isobutylamine showed the highest levels in one of the industrial sewage sludge samples (404 and 543 mg kg−1 (d.w.), respectively). To our knowledge, this paper presents for the first time the determination of ten primary amines in sewage sludge samples using PHWE. 相似文献
97.
Chin Chye Teo Swee Ngin Tan Jean Wan Hong Yong Choy Sin Hew Eng Shi Ong 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(16):2484-2494
Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) has become a popular green extraction method for different classes of compounds present in numerous kinds of matrices such as environmental, food and botanical samples. PHWE is also used in sample preparation to extract organic contaminants from foodstuff for food safety analysis and soils/sediments for environmental monitoring purposes. The main parameters which influence its extraction efficiency are namely the temperature, extraction time, flow rates and addition of modifiers/additives. Among these different parameters studied, temperature is described as the most important one. It is reported that the extraction of certain compounds is rather dependent on pressurized water with different applied temperature. Thus, the stability and reduced solubilities of certain compounds at elevated temperatures are highlighted in this review. With some modifications, a scaled-up PHWE could extract a higher amount of desirable compounds from solid and powdered samples such as plant and food materials. The PHWE extracts from plants are rich in chemical compounds or metabolites which can be a potential lead for drug discovery or development of disease-resistant food crops. 相似文献
98.
Rached Salhi Ramzi Maalej Yannick Guyot Laetitia Rapenne Jean-Luc Deschanvres 《Journal of luminescence》2011,131(11):2311-2316
Erbium-doped Y2O3 films were prepared by aerosol-UV assisted metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at 410 °C. The effects of humidity of carrier gas and UV-assistance on their structure and optical properties were investigated on the as-deposited and thermal annealed films using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the as-deposited Er:Y2O3 films crystallise in the Y2O3 cubic structure and present a very low organic contamination when the deposition takes place under high air humidity and, even better, with UV-assistance. After annealing, two different structural phases are observed corresponding to the cubic and the monoclinic structures of Y2O3. The Er3+ luminescence analysed in the visible and IR regions, shows the classical green transitions. The best optical properties were obtained with as-deposited and annealed Er:Y2O3 films grown under high air humidity with UV-assistance. Under such deposition conditions, 4I13/2 lifetimes was found to be 3.07 and 6.1 ms for films annealed at 800 and 1000 °C, respectively, and up-conversion phenomena were underlined. This indicates that the deposition conditions, in particular air humidity, play an important role in the luminescent properties even after annealing. 相似文献
99.
100.
连续波化学激光器运转时,位于主喷管叶片内的副气流的分流管道壁面将被主喷管叶片加热而形成热壁面。通过3维的数值模拟,分析了单端、双端不同供气方式下,热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响。热壁面将使总管气流总温沿着气流的流动方向逐渐升高,由此引起的支管入口总温的升高会降低支管的流量。无论是单端供气,还是双端供气,热壁面引起的管道流量波动幅度都要远大于绝热壁面的情况,最大波动幅度达2.16%。对进入总管的气流预热,适当增加供气总温,或将冷却管道与供气管道分开设计,气流总温变化引起的流量波动将会得到一定地抑制。 相似文献