不同的灰熔点调控方式对煤灰熔融特性的影响

对两种原始煤灰进行混合,并分别搭配不同的添加剂,得到3种元素组成相同的煤灰,灰熔点测试结果显示,三者的灰熔点存在较大差异。结合X射线衍射技术和SEM-EDX(扫描电子显微镜与能谱联用)分析了3种煤灰(>800 ℃)在高温时的矿物质转化过程。结果表明,不同的灰熔点调控手段对不同煤的影响是不同的。原因是高温时矿物质组成不仅与煤灰化学元素组成相关,更与元素在矿物质中的赋存状态有关。两者共同决定了煤灰的熔融特性。     

Expression and Purification of ZNF191（243-368） in Three Expression Systems

ZNF191 （243-368）, a new human zinc finger protein, probably relates to some hereditary diseases and cancers, To obtain adequate amount of ZNF191（243-368） for the study of its property, structure and function, three different expression systems of inclusion-body, glutathione S-transferase （GST）, and hexahistidine （6 × His） were used and compared. Among these systems, the expression level of ZNFI91（243-368） was increased in inclusion body system under a higher isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside （IPTG） concentration, but the non-target proteins were also increased more, which made its purification more difficult and the yield lower. The expression of His-tag fusion protein was almost not affected by IPTG concentration, temperature and inducing time. At a high IPTG concentration the highest expression yield for GST fusion protein was obtained. And the fusion proteins can be partially purified by a single affinity chromatography step. The fusion protein systems show advantages for expression of these proteins.     

Influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion on ignition of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–MWCNT composites

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) filled with low contents of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was prepared using different ways to monitor the dispersion of MWCNT. The influence of the dispersion on thermal conductivity and transmittance was measured. High degree of transparence can be achieved with 0.02 phr of well dispersed MWCNT. Time‐to‐ignition (TTI) was also measured on 2‐ or 4‐mm‐thick specimens heated using radiative unidirectional source. Time‐to‐ignition was found to decrease with the incorporation of MWCNT because more heat is absorbed at the surface. Higher time‐to‐ignition was observed for partially translucent composites, due to different absorption in‐depth profiles. It can be assumed that time‐to‐ignition can be controlled by the dispersion of MWCNT into the polymeric matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crowned Macrocycles Containing Two Pyrrolo[1,2-a] Indoles Created By Intramolecular Fusion

Heterocyclic fused-ring systems are of utmost importance because of their presence in many natural products with biological activity. Pyrroloindoles are tricyclic heterocycles that are present in various bioactive and medicinally valuable compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis of phenylene-bridged bis-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole crowned macrocycles 1 – 3 in which the pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole moieties were formed via intramolecular fusion. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS and X-ray crystallographic studies. The X-ray structure revealed that the two pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole moieties were parallel to each other, and one pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit was deviated by an angle of 9.54° while the other pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit was deviated by an angle of 12.0° from the mean plane defined by 28 core atoms. The macrocycles 1 – 3 absorb in the visible region and readily undergo oxidations because of their electron rich nature. The macrocycles 1 – 3 upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) generates the corresponding cation radicals 1 – 3 ^.+ which were stable in the open air for a week. The cation radicals 1 – 3 ^.+ absorb strongly in the NIR region and the experimental observations on crowned macrocycles 1 – 3 were corroborated by DFT and TD-DFT studies.     

Calorimetric and nuclear byproduct measurements in electrochemical confinement of deuterium in palladium

We present the results of a new experiment with our multicell set-up implemented with mass spectrometric measurements of⁴He and a highly improved neutron detector. The excess heat measured is comparable with the results of other laboratories, but no neutrons were found and the tritium excess was lower than expected from the power excess. ⁴He has been measured in the electrolysis gases and a tentative correlation of ⁴He with excess power is presented and discussed.     

Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Data Fusion in Process Analytical Technology—A Review

The release of the FDA’s guidance on Process Analytical Technology has motivated and supported the pharmaceutical industry to deliver consistent quality medicine by acquiring a deeper understanding of the product performance and process interplay. The technical opportunities to reach this high-level control have considerably evolved since 2004 due to the development of advanced analytical sensors and chemometric tools. However, their transfer to the highly regulated pharmaceutical sector has been limited. To this respect, data fusion strategies have been extensively applied in different sectors, such as food or chemical, to provide a more robust performance of the analytical platforms. This survey evaluates the challenges and opportunities of implementing data fusion within the PAT concept by identifying transfer opportunities from other sectors. Special attention is given to the data types available from pharmaceutical manufacturing and their compatibility with data fusion strategies. Furthermore, the integration into Pharma 4.0 is discussed.     

Determinants for Fusion Speed of Biomolecular Droplets

Biomolecular droplets formed through phase separation have a tendency to fuse. The speed with which fusion occurs is a direct indicator of condensate liquidity, which is key to both cellular functions and diseases. Using a dual-trap optical tweezers setup, we found the fusion speeds of four types of droplets to differ by two orders of magnitude. The order of fusion speed correlates with the fluorescence of thioflavin T, which in turn reflects the macromolecular packing density inside droplets. Unstructured protein or polymer chains pack loosely and readily rearrange, leading to fast fusion. In contrast, structured protein domains pack more closely and have to break extensive contacts before rearrangement, corresponding to slower fusion. This molecular interpretation for disparate fusion speeds provides mechanistic insight into the assembly and aging of biomolecular droplets.     

一种新型单体引发转移终止剂合成精细结构功能化的聚苯乙烯

自从1982年Ｏｔｓｕ[1]等提出引发转移终止剂(Ｉｎｉｆｅｒｔｅｒ)以来,这类化合物得到了广泛的研究和发展.使用引发转移终止剂的聚合反应是实现“活性”聚合的一个重要方法.引发转移终止剂又分为热引发转移终止剂和光引发转移终止剂两种.热引发转移终止剂除了三苯甲基偶氮苯外[2],均是六取代乙烷类化合物[3～7];而光引发转移终止剂则一般是一些含二硫代氨基甲酰氧基基团的化合物,如Ｎ,Ｎ二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸苄酯(ＢＤＣ)、双(Ｎ,Ｎ二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸)对苯二甲酯(ＸＤＣ)、Ｎ乙基二硫代氨基甲酸苄酯(ＢＥＤＣ)、双(Ｎ乙基二硫代氨基甲酸…     

X射线荧光分析中熔融制样条件的研究

本文研究了熔融制样时熔融温度、熔融时间和脱模剂的加入量对分析结果的影响。研究结果表明,随着熔融温度的升高和熔融时间的加长,分析结果的总值将随之增大。相反,脱模剂量的增加会使分析结果降低。通过对熔融样品时产生的升华物的研究,发现在熔触过程中,四硼酸锂比样品以更大的比例逸出熔融体,从而造成了样品在分析圆片中的相对浓缩。而且在高温熔融时,钾和钠比样品中的其他元素例如硅、铝、铁、钛、钙、镁等更易于逸失。制样条件的不同引起样品和熔剂逸失的比例会有变化,它直接影响测定的结果,这证明了在X射线荧光光谱分析中保持制样条件一致的重要性。     

High-level expression of soluble human β-defensin-2 fused with green fluorescent protein in Escherichia coli cell-free system

Human β-defensin-2 (hBD2), a small cationic peptide, exhibits a broad range of antimicrobial activity and does not acquire any microbial resistance. To produce this uneasily detectable, degradable, and toxic polypeptide efficiently, an alternative approach based on the Escherichia coli cell-free biosynthesis system was proposed. The approach implies that a polypeptide of interest is synthesized as a fusion protein linked to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) through a cleavable spacer. With batch-mode operation, a significant amount of hBD2 fused with GFP (0.25 mg/mL) can be expressed in this cell-free system. The productivity of the fusion protein can be improved up to 1.2 mg/mL by employing a continuous-exchange cell-free system. Furthermore, the GFP moiety provides directly visible and quantitative monitoring of the polypeptide synthesis, and the product is soluble and stable. This work will be helpful in allowing the rapid and visible expression of other similar defensins using an in vitro cell-free system.