Real‐Time Measurement of the Size Distribution of Diesel Exhaust Particles using a Portable 4‐stage Electrical Low Pressure Impactor

For this study, a 4 stage electrical low pressure impactor was designed to measure the real‐time size distribution of diesel particulate matter (DPM). For the performance evaluation, sodium chloride (NaCl) particles and dioctyl sebacate (DOS) particles were used. After evaluating the collection efficiency of each stage of the impactor, the size distributions of test particles were estimated using electrical current data and their inversion algorithm, and this was found to agree with the results obtained by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). For measurement of DPM, a common‐rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine, for engine speeds of 1,200 rpm and 1,500 rpm at 2.7 kgf·m, was used. Therefore, it was found that the size distribution of the DPM could be easily obtained, with the currents measured by the impactor and the data inversion algorithm, in less than 5 seconds. Furthermore, the effective density of the DPM could be obtained using the calculated results and the SMPS data.     

钙蛋白酶-10 基因SNP-19 与多囊卵巢综合征相关性研究

目的 探讨钙蛋白酶-10 基因（CAPN-10）单核苷酸多态性-19（SNP-19）与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的相关性。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应- 限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术,对107 例PCOS患者（PCOS 组）及111 例健康体检者（对照组）的CAPN-10 SNP-19 进行分析,并测定其性激素和生化指标。PCOS组再根据BMI与胰岛素抵抗（IR）稳态模型指数（HOMA-IR）分为肥胖组与非肥胖组、IR 组与非IR 组,分析CAPN-10 SNP-19 与其关系。结果 与对照组相比,PCOS 组BMI、空腹血糖（FPG）、TG、TC、LDL、黄体生成素（LH）、黄体生成素/ 卵泡刺激素（LH/FSH）、睾酮（T）均升高（均P＜0.01）。PCOS 组CAPN-10 SNP-19 1等位基因及1/2基因型频率均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）;且CAPN-10 SNP-19 1/2基因型PCOS 发病风险较1/1、2/2 基因型增加约2倍（OR=1.9,95％CI=1.1~3.3,P＜0.05）。CAPN-10 SNP-19 1、2等位基因频率PCOS 肥胖组与非肥胖组、IR 组与非IR组比较均无统 计学差异（均P＞0.05）;PCOS 肥胖组和IR组CAPN-10 SNP-19 1/2基因型频率分别高于非肥胖组和非IR 组,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 CAPN-10 SNP-19 与PCOS 遗传易感性有关,可能与PCOS 肥胖及IR 无关。     

Synthesis and Stereochemistry of α-Aryl-β-Nitroalkylphosphinate

Abstract

Twenty-three new α -aryl-β -nitroalkylphosphinates 3a - g were synthesized in high yields under very mild conditions. Compounds 3 consist of two pairs of diastereomeric isomers (A) and (B)     

Study of the effect of laser treatment on the initial oxidation behaviour of Al‐coated NiCrAlY bond‐coat

In this study, the initial oxidation behaviour of laser‐treated Al/NiCrAlY bond‐coat is investigated. Two approaches, (i) Al film sputtering on the surface of bond‐coat and (ii) laser treatment, have been taken to enhance the oxidation resistance of NiCrAlY bond‐coat. Experimental results showed that after laser treatment, the Al/NiCrAlY bond‐coat exhibited a columnar dendritic microstructure without cracks and voids. A dense and continuous α‐Al₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ multilayer was found to form on the bond‐coat surface. Results on the cyclic oxidation at 1200 °C (for time ≤ 204 h) revealed that the laser‐treated Al/NiCrAlY bond‐coat exhibited better oxidation resistance compared to as‐sprayed NiCrAlY, Al/NiCrAlY and laser‐remelted NiCrAlY bond‐coat. The formation of θ‐Al₂O₃, NiO, Cr₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄ spinel oxides was observed to be suppressed due to the preformed α‐Al₂O₃ scale during initial oxidation on the surface of laser pre‐oxidized Al/NiCrAlY bond‐coat. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Combined nanosuspensions from two natural active ingredients for cancer therapy with reduced side effects

Tumor drug resistance and systemic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are the main reasons for the failure of cancer treatment. In recent years, it was found that some natural active ingredients can reverse MDR and regulate body immunity to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper, a new nanosuspensions, HCPT and QUR hybrid nanosuspensions (HQ-NPs), was prepared by the microprecipitation-high pressure homogenization method to reverse tumor drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and increase therapeutic efficacy. The in vitro investigation results showed that HQ-NPs had a unique shape (particle size was about 216.3 ± 5.9 nm), changed crystalline, and different dissolution rates compared with HCPT-NPs and QUR-NPs, which is attributed to the strong intermolecular forces between HCPT and QUR as indicated by the results of the molecule dock. It was verified that the HQ-NPs could double the retention of HCPT in cells and enhance the cytotoxicity to A549/PTX cells in vitro tests compared with HCPT-NPs. We also found that HQ-NPs can significantly enhance the accumulation of HCPT in tumor sites, improve the antitumor activity of HCPT, and protect the immune organs and other normal tissues (P < 0.01), compared with HCPT-NPs. Therefore, hybrid nanosuspensions can offer promising potential as the drug delivery system for HCPT and QUR to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the toxicity of HCPT.     

真空中铝单丝电爆炸的实验研究

开展了铝单丝在负极性电流脉冲作用下电爆炸特性的研究.利用皮秒激光探针,搭建了阴影、纹影和干涉的光学诊断平台,得到了不镀膜铝丝典型的能量沉积过程,在电压崩溃时刻其沉积能量为2.4 eV/atom.为了增加金属丝内的沉积能量,开展了相同电参数及金属丝尺寸下的镀膜铝丝电爆炸实验,其沉积能量可达到5 eV/atom,实现了在电压崩溃之前铝丝完全气化(完全气化所需能量为4 eV/atom).阴影图像展示了高密度丝核区域的膨胀过程,不镀膜铝丝平均膨胀速度为2.2 km/s,而镀膜铝丝因为沉积能量大,其膨胀速度约为不镀膜铝丝的2.3倍,高密度区域膨胀速度为5 km/s.由于阴影不能反映低密度等离子体的膨胀,开展了平行双丝实验,通过测量自发光辐射,估算了低密度等离子体的膨胀速度.利用条纹相机拍摄了不镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中自发光区域的图像.纹影图像清晰地展示了不镀膜铝丝在电爆炸过程中形成的核冕结构,而镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中核冕结构得到了一定程度的抑制.从干涉图像计算了相移,在轴对称假设下对相移进行阿贝尔逆变换,重构了三维的铝原子数密度分布.     

高压下锐钛矿TiO2的电阻率及能带结构的研究

应用在位电阻率测量方法研究高压下锐钛矿TiO2的电学性质. 通过研究电阻率随压力变化的异常变化点, 观察到了TiO2从锐钛矿-柯铁矿-斜锆石的相变. 卸压后,电阻率和初始值相差2个数量级, 说明该相变为不可逆相变. 结合第一性原理计算结果表明, 柯铁矿结构更小的带隙是导致TiO2电阻率减小的根本原因.     

避雷器电阻片测试系统设计

采用工业PC机与可编程控制器、示波器、直流仪等设备设计了避雷器电阻片测试系统,阐述了本系统的控制流程及逻辑关系,用图形化编程语言编写了上位机软件,完成了避雷器电阻片在 U_1mA及0.75U_1mA下的漏电流等参数的测试,并对电阻片测试过程中的电压峰值、电流峰值进行采集存储,还存储了电阻片在整个测试过程中的能量,方便以后对测试过程中损坏的阀片进行能量、电流峰值、电压峰值方面的分析,对系统进行了初步的试验,结果表明该系统运行效果良好,实现了避雷器电阻片出厂前的测试,提高了测试效率。