Laser synthesis of nanostructured ceramics from liquid precursors

The free-form net shape laser synthesis of nanostructured ceramics from liquid precursors enables a residual stress-free production of high temperature resistant ceramic units and components for the use in microsystem engineering. Due to the use of molecular compounded liquid, ceramic precursors the resulting ceramic components show outstanding properties, for example high purity and a nanostructured material design.The use of pulsed lasers enables a defined input of energy required to pyrolyse the precursor material into a crystalline ceramic, so the active volume can be reduced significantly compared to other processes, for example pyrolysis by furnace.In this paper several methods for a further minimization of the active volume are presented. The investigations determined different factors affecting the process. Realizing selective experiments allows a determination of their influencing level and the definition of a working area to produce three-dimensional components with high aspect ratio.By several studies, e.g., scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis, the atomic structure and composition of the created components were analyzed and valued, so the different reaction processes can be described extensively.     

Highly Sensitive Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Cd,Zn and Pb Ions in Water Samples Using Stable Carbon‐Based Mercury Thin‐Film Electrode

A new carbon‐based mercury thin‐film electrode consisting of screen‐printed carbon on a low temperature co‐fired ceramic substrate was made. Ex‐situ mercury deposition in a potassium thiocyanate solution was used. This approach an electrode with high long‐term stability (>500 measurement cycles) and reproducibility (≤2 %) for sensitive determination of ultra trace heavy metals, using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The detection limits were 0.25, 0.08 and 5.5 ng mL^?1 for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of the analytes in water, wastewater, lake water, and certified reference material samples with satisfactory results.     

陶瓷过滤器高温除尘技术的研究进展

对陶瓷过滤元件及结构、滤饼的作用和架桥、过滤器故障安全（CPP）系统及陶瓷过滤器高温气体净化一体化技术等几个方面进行了评述，总结了陶瓷过滤器存在着过滤管破裂、清灰效率下降、管板和器壁的连接及脉冲阀的长期稳定性等几个问题，指出新型陶瓷材料的研究和陶瓷过滤器高温气体净化一体化技术是陶瓷过滤器今后的研究方向．     

高分子分散剂在陶瓷浓悬浮体制备中的应用

良好分散的陶瓷浓悬浮体是胶态成型实现的前提和关键。本文阐述了高分子分散剂的分散稳定作用及其在多种单相复相陶瓷浓悬浮体制备中的研究和应用,进而从高分子分散剂自身特性,陶瓷分散相和分散介质的物理化学性质以及陶瓷胶态成型工艺操作等方面,分析了各因素对高分子分散剂分散效果的影响,最后指出了能够优化陶瓷浓悬浮体性能的高分子分散剂的研究趋势。     

ICP-AES测定陶瓷器皿中微量溶出铅、镉的研究

用4%乙酸溶液萃取分离日用瓷表面微量溶出元素Pb和Cd后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法进行了分析,对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.023(Pb)和0.006μg/L(Cd),回收率为98.0%~104.0%,RSD小于3.5%。该法准确、快速、简便,应用于日用瓷中的微量溶出铅、镉的测定,结果满意。     

Application of ionic liquid modified carbon ceramic electrode for the sensitive voltammetric detection of rutin

An ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) was designed and further used for the voltammetric detection of rutin in this paper. IL-CCE was prepared by mixing graphite powder with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF₄) doped silicate sol-gel matrix together and further characterized by different methods. Then electrochemical behaviors of rutin on the IL-CCE were investigated by different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Due to the presence of IL in the CCE, an enhanced electrochemical response of rutin appeared with a pair of well-defined redox peaks in pH 2.5 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The electrochemical behaviors of rutin on the IL-CCE were carefully investigated. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak currents exhibited good linear relationship with the rutin concentration in the range from 0.3 to 100.0 μmol/L with the detection limit as 0.09 μmol/L (3σ). The proposed method was further applied to the rutin tablets sample detection with satisfactory results.     

Cross-relaxation and spectral broadening of gain for Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic lasers with white-light pump source under high-temperature operation

Spectral broadening of the fluorescence of a Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic at the 1064 nm lasing wavelength was observed, and the amplification properties at a high temperature were investigated by considering cross-relaxation. These ceramics are promising for use as a solid-laser material pumped with solar or lamp light. It has been found that whenever the temperature of a laser medium is high and a spectral shift occurs, a high small-signal gain remains owing to the broad spectral band and the cross-relaxation. This optical property is remarkably different from that of a Nd:YAG laser. For a conventional Nd:YAG laser, the bandwidth at 1064 nm is 0.45 nm, and a reduction in small-signal gain occurs at a temperature of 373 K because the spectral peak shift is 0.005 nm/K. However, for the Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic, the bandwidths are 1.2 and 1.9 nm in the case of 0.1% Cr ion doping and 3% Cr ion doping, respectively, owing to the existence of excited Cr ions and the shortening of the effective Nd ion coherence time. It is prospected that the laser medium can be used at a high temperature of 600 K.     

聚能射流对氧化铝陶瓷靶的侵彻特性研究

 建立了考虑损伤的求解靶板阻力的理论模型,以此来评估陶瓷靶板的抗侵彻能力;数值模拟了长杆弹侵彻氧化铝陶瓷靶的破坏特性,结合实验结果确定了氧化铝陶瓷本构模型中的材料参数。建立了聚能射流侵彻氧化铝陶瓷靶的计算模型,对射流的形成机理及氧化铝陶瓷靶的抗侵彻性能进行研究,讨论了药型罩的几何尺寸对所形成的射流速度及侵彻深度的影响。结果表明：药型罩的锥角和壁厚增大,射流速度减小,壁厚对射流速度梯度的影响较大;同样,药型罩的锥角对侵彻深度也有较大的影响。     

Development of long-life-cycle tablet ceramic adsorbent for geosmin removal from water solution

In this study, the tablet ceramic adsorbent (TCA), a silica/iron(III) oxide composite material, has been developed for geosmin (GSM) removal from the water solution. The physicochemical characteristics of TCA were examined with XRD, SEM, EDX and BET analyses. The sorption characteristics of GSM on TCA were investigated in a batch system. Attempts have been made to understand the adsorption kinetics, the effect of initial GSM concentration, solution pH, and reaction time.The batch experiments equilibrium data were well fitted to the Lagergren kinetic equation, which indicate the first-order nature adsorption. Over 82% of the GSM was removed by the TCA within 600 min at an initial concentration of 200 ng/L with 20 g/L of TCA dose. The batch and regeneration study indicated that the TCA is a cost-effective GSM adsorbent with sufficient mechanical strength to retain its physical integrity after long-time adsorption, and high regeneration performance for long-life-cycle application. Almost no second contamination (toxic sludge or leached iron) was observed after adsorption, and the gas resultant of thermal regeneration is harmless to atmospheric environment.     

RE2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃连接氮化硅合成复相陶瓷的研究

采用Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２－Ｘ稀土玻璃进行氮化硅复相陶瓷的连接。用四点弯曲方法测定不同连接工艺下的连接强度。并对连接界面进行ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ和ＸＲＤ分析。液相钎料玻璃在界面上与氮化硅反应，形成氮化硅／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ／Ｙ（Ｌａ）－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ玻璃／Ｙ（Ｌａ）－Ｓｉａｌｏ玻璃的梯度层界面。接头强度随着保温时间、妆温度的增加，先增后。 在ＹＡＳ钎料中添加氧化镧，可以提高接头的高温强度。ＬａＹＯ３的