ZnO薄膜近带边紫外发光的研究

用ZnO陶瓷靶,采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在c-Al₂O₃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜。通过不同温度下光致发光(PL)光谱的测量,对样品的紫外发光机理进行研究。 在较低温度(10 K)下的PL光谱中,观测到一个位于3.354 eV处的束缚激子(D⁰X)发射,随着温度的升高(~50 K),在D⁰X的高能侧观测到了自由激子的发射峰。在10 K温度下,3.309 eV处出现了一个较强的发光带A,此发光带强度随着温度升高先增大然后减小,并且一直延续到室温。重点讨论了此发光带的起源,并认为A带可归属于自由电子-受主之间的复合发射。     

Oxidation of Zn in UHV environment at low temperature

Thermal oxidation of polycrystalline Zn foils at 5 × 10⁻⁷ Torr oxygen pressure and at room temperature, 50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C was studied. In situ photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron light with photon energy of 57 eV was used to monitor the formation of ZnO and to determine the thickness of the oxide overlayer. At the initial oxidation, the oxidation rate follows a two-stage logarithmic equation and later trends to saturate at a certain thickness depending on the oxidation temperature. The saturated thickness was found to increase with the oxidation temperature. The two-stage oxidation process may be governed by two kinds of space charge presumably formed in the thin oxide overlayer.     

ZnO nanorod arrays with tunable size and field emission properties on an ITO substrate achieved by an electrodeposition method

In the present work,vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with tunable size are successfully synthesized on nonseeded ITO glass substrates by a simple electrodeposition method.The effect of growth conditions on the phase,morphology,and orientation of the products are studied in detail by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It is observed that the as-prepared nanostructures exhibit a preferred orientation along c axis,and the size and density of the ZnO nanorod can be controlled by changing the concentration of ZnCl2.Field emission properties of the as-synthesized samples with different diameters are also studied,and the results show that the nanorod arrays with a smaller diameter and appropriate rod density exhibit better emission properties.The ZnO nanorod arrays show a potential application in field emitters.     

Ni对Cu/ZnO基甲醇裂解催化剂的促进机制

通过XRD,BET,In-situ XPS等表征技术对Cu/ZnO基甲醇裂解制氢催化剂进行 了详细的研究。XRD结果表明,Cu-Zn合金的生成是Cu/ZnO基催化剂在反应初期快速 失活的主要原因;XRD,BET和N_2O滴定实验结果表明,Ni助剂可能是通过提高 Cu~0活性物种的分散度并维持Cu~0活性物种在催化反应过程中的稳定性而使 Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂的活性及稳定性大幅度提高。In-situ XPS结果表明,Ni助剂的加 入可以诱导Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂表面在甲醇裂解反应过程中出现Cu~+,从而由 Cu~0/Cu~+共同构成催化剂的活性中心,并最终导致Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂的高活性。     

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Fly Ash–Polyaniline Matrix Nanorod Composites

Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were prepared with fly ash (FA) either by aging the starting materials (aniline and FA) before oxidative polymerisation or by including poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSSA) eliminating the aging step. The aging procedure formed polymer nanotubes that have cross-sectional diameters of 50–110 nm. The procedure involving PSSA produced nanorods and nanofibres composites that have diameters of 100–500 nm and length of up to 10 μm attributed to the presence of metal oxides and silica in FA. The electrochemical analysis of the PANI–PSSA–FA nanorod composites shows three redox couples with formal potentials, , values of 105 mV, 455 mV and 670 mV, and conductance, C, value of 1.21 × 10⁻² S. The UV-Vis spectroscopy of the polymeric nanorod shows absorption maxima at 340 and 370 nm (due to π–π^* transition of the benzoid rings), and 600–650 nm (due to charge transfer excitons of the quinoid structure), which are characteristic of emeraldine base.     

Straightforward Approach for Preparing Durable Antibacterial ZnO Nanoparticle Coatings on Flexible Substrates

Flexible antibacterial materials have gained utmost importance in protection from the distribution of bacteria and viruses due to the exceptional variety of applications. Herein, we demonstrate a readily scalable and rapid single-step approach for producing durable ZnO nanoparticle antibacterial coating on flexible polymer substrates at room temperature. Substrates used are polystyrene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, high density polyethylene and a commercial acrylate type adhesive tape. The deposition was achieved by a spin-coating process using a slurry of ZnO nanoparticles in toluene. A stable modification layer was obtained when toluene was a solvent for the polymer substrates, namely polystyrene and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). These coatings show high antibacterial efficiency causing >5 log decrease in the viable counts of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia. coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in 120 min. Even after tapping these coated surfaces 500 times, the antibacterial properties remained unchanged, showing that the coating obtained by the presented method is very robust. In contrast to the above findings, the coatings are unstable when toluene is not a solvent for the substrate.     

SnO_2/ZnO及ZnO/SnO_2双层膜的气敏性质

采用动态脉冲法研究了ＳｎＯ２／ＺｎＯ及ＺｎＯ／ＳｎＯ２ 双层膜的气敏性质。结果表明：选择合适的膜厚及膜厚比,可获得灵敏度及选择性良好的气敏元件。讨论了一些影响双层膜气敏性质的因素,结合元素的扩散,初步解释了膜厚与灵敏度的关系。     

分子筛改性对一步法合成二甲醚的影响

采用浸渍法制备了MgO、CaO、ZnO改性的HZSM 5分子筛,并以改性HZSM 5为脱水剂与JC207甲醇合成催化剂组成双功能催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了其对一步法合成二甲醚影响。结果表明,适量碱性氧化物的引入,引起分子筛表面的B酸中心（强酸中心）向L酸中心（弱酸中心）转变,而弱酸和中强酸中心是甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的活性中心,强酸中心会造成二甲醚进一步脱水生成烃类副产品,所以改性后产物中二氧化碳和烃类的选择性下降,二甲醚选择性升高。这种趋势在CaO/HZSM 5脱水剂上表现的更为明显。     

Fabrication of CdS Nanorods in PVP Fiber Matrices by Electrospinning

Summary: A controlled fabrication of rod‐like nanostructures of cadmium sulfide (CdS) incorporated into polymer fiber matrices has been developed by an electrospinning method. Here, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as a polymer capping reagent, utilizing the interactions of cadmium ions with the carbonyl groups in the PVP molecules. The formation of CdS nanorods inside the PVP was carried out via the reaction of Cd²⁺ with H₂S. SEM images showed that the electrospun films of PVP/CdS are composed of fibers with a diameter between 100 and 900 nm. TEM proved that most of the CdS nanorods are incorporated in the PVP fibrous film. The diameter of the rod is about 50 nm and the length is from 100 to 300 nm.

TEM image of the CdS nanorods formed in the PVP fibrous film.     

微/纳米ZnO绒球的制备及其在自然光下催化降解有机染料性能

以谷氨酸氟硼酸(GluBF₄)离子液体水溶液为反应介质,以物质的量比为1:6的二水合醋酸锌[Zn(Ac)₂·2H₂O]和氢氧化钠为原料,室温下制备前驱体,再微波辅助加热制备了纳米氧化锌粉体,获得了纳米结构微米尺寸纳米ZnO绒球.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面(BET)、能量色散谱(EDS)等对产物进行了表征.所得产物为六方晶系纤锌矿结构,粉体粒径20.4 nm,绒球比表面积为28.3 m²·g^-1,产物纯度较高,收率95.3%.同时探讨了纳米ZnO绒球生成的可能机理.该纳米材料在日光下显示较高的光催化活性和稳定性.分别配制浓度为10 mg·L^-1的100 mL甲基橙(MO)和甲基紫(MV)水溶液, 30 mg纳米氧化锌为光催化降解催化剂,太阳光激发下5 h脱色率分别达到74.3%和96.9%;溶液总有机碳(TOC)含量随光降解的进行缓慢下降;光催化剂重复利用5次,催化剂形貌不变、颜色不变,质量基本未发生变化.