Hyperfine Field and Isomer Shift Evolution in Hydrogenated Nd–Fe–B Alloy

RE₂Fe₁₄B (RE=rare earth) materials are capable of absorbing hydrogen to form a stable solid solution at room temperature. Hydrogenation produces a number of significant changes in the hyperfine interactions. In this work, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer effect spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on Nd_14.01Hf_0.08Fe_78.91B_7.00 alloys submitted to thermal treatment in hydrogen atmosphere. A non-linear increase of the hyperfine fields and isomer shifts with hydrogen concentration was observed. The hyperfine parameters of the 8j₁ site exhibit a rather different evolution than those experienced by the other major sites (8j₂, 16k₁, 16k₂). The origin of the hyperfine field enhancement is analyzed in terms of volume expansion and H nearest neighbors to the Fe sites. A linear expression on these two effects to give account of isomer shift evolution for 8j₁ site is given.     

Synchrotron X-ray imaging of the onset of ultrasonic horn cavitation

High-power ultrasonic horns operating at low frequency are known to generate a cone-shaped cavitation bubble cloud beneath them. The exact physical processes resulting in the conical structure are still unclear mainly due to challenges associated with their visualization. Herein, we address the onset of the cavitation cloud by exploiting high-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging. It reveals that the cone formation is not immediate but results from a three-step phenomenology: (i) inception and oscillation of single bubbles, (ii) individual cloud formation under splitting or lens effects, and (iii) cloud merging leading to the formation of a bubble layer and, eventually, to the cone structure due to the radial pressure gradient on the horn tip.     

0.35μm激光与金靶耦合发射X光能谱分析

 利用改进后的More模型计算Au等离子体各电离度离子的Einstein系数和线发射强度。在0.35μm激光与金平面靶耦合产生晕区等离子体条件下,求解离子模型定态速率方程组得到离子布居概率,从而求出X光线发射能谱。将此能谱与JB19程序计算得到的出系统外边界光子能谱进行了比较。     

微通道板X射线探测器

在激光等离子体实验研究中,为了更好地了解激光与等离子体相互作用过程中所发生的物理过程,要求能够高时间分辨地观测等离子体所辐射的X射线的特征。测量的关键在于X射线探测元件,既要有快的时间响应,又要能够输出足够大的光电流,以便直接驱动高速示波器,进行显示和照像。普通的闪烁体/光电倍增管X射线探测器,由于闪烁体荧光有着固有的衰减时间,以及普通的光电倍增管中的电子飞行时间离散严重,时间分辨力难以提高。     

Spectroscopic studies on the effect of doping with CoBr2 and MgCl2 on some physical properties of polyvinylalcohol films

Filled and unfilled polyvinylalcohol (PVA) films were prepared by the casting technique. Films of equal amounts with various concentrations of two fillers (CoBr₂ and MgCl₂) were prepared. Spectroscopic, structural and some physical properties of these films were studied with different techniques. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) revealed that the syndiotacticity structure of the PVA samples causes dense molecular packing in the crystal and also stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which are responsible for the disappearance of the molecular motion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans evidenced the presence of some semicrystalline structure of PVA films. The optical absorption spectra suggested the presence of an optical gap (E_g), which depends on filler concentration for all the filling levels. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) suggests that the segmental mobility of an amorphous pure PVA increases as a result of the addition of mixed fillers, becoming less-rigid segments. This indicates that the mixed fillers act as plasticizers.     

Strain relaxation and surface morphology of high indium content InAlAs metamorphic buffers with reverse step

Low-temperature step-graded high indium content InAlAs (In% = 0.75) metamorphic buffer layers with reverse step layer grown on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy are investigated in this paper. The composition and the strain relaxation of the top InAlAs layer are determined by high-resolution triple-axis X-ray diffraction measurements, which show that the top InAlAs layer is nearly fully relaxed and the growth parameters for these samples have little influence on the strain relaxation ratio. Surface morphology is observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern and atomic force microscopy. The surface morphology is found to depend strongly on both the growth temperature and the As flux. Compared with other samples, the sample growth under the optimized conditions has the smallest value of root mean square surface roughness. Furthermore, the ω − 2θ and ω scans of the triple-axis X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy result also show the sample grown under the optimized conditions has good crystalline quality.     

Crystal structure of Ni(II) complex and fluorescence properties of Zn(II) complex with the Schiff base derived from diethenetriamine and PMBP

The Schiff base, H₂L, was derived from 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) and diethenetriamine. The crystal structure of [NiL(C₂H₅OH)]·H₂O obtained from ethanol solution was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination geometry of Ni(II) ion is a distorted octahedron with three oxygen atoms and three nitrogen atoms. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, strong fluorescence of solid Zn(II) complex was observed. In addition, the fluorescence enhancement was obtained in the presence of Zn²⁺ in THF solution of the ligand, indicating that H₂L may be a potential fluorescent sensor for Zn²⁺.     

Visible and NIR luminescence of nanocrystalline β-Ga2O3:Er prepared by solution combustion synthesis

In this paper we report on facile solution combustion synthesis of erbium doped β-Ga₂O₃ with urea as fuel. The product was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction and TEM showed that the material is nanostructured. Luminescence properties of β-Ga₂O₃:Er are studied with excitation in near infrared (Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm) and visible (argon laser at 514.5 nm). A strong NIR emission of Er³⁺ in the window of minimal optical loss in silica based optical fibers, due to the ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition at 1.55 μm has been observed. Codoping with Yb³⁺ significantly increases the intensity of that important emission.     

Structural and magnetic ordering in the VxNb1+yS2 system

The influence of composition on the structural ordering and magnetism in the V_xNb_1+yS₂ system has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. Stoichiometric V_1/3NbS₂ did not exhibit the structural ordering of vanadium between the NbS₂ layers. In the ordered structure, the vanadium composition deviated from the ideal value of to both higher and lower values, while the niobium composition was in the range of 0.05?y?0.18. Excess niobium, y>0, is thought to play an essential role in the structural ordering in this system. For samples with excess niobium and ordered structures, a magnetic transition was observed at 20-50 K, depending on the composition. The spontaneous magnetization of 3-5×10⁻³ μ_B/V atom is thought to be intrinsic to this system. The magnetization curves consisted of a constant and a proportional parts of the magnetic field, which correspond to the spontaneous magnetization and high-field susceptibility, respectively. The magnetization curves and the temperature dependencies of the high-field susceptibility were quite similar to those of the canted antiferromagnetic NiS₂. A correlation between the structural and magnetic ordering is suggested.     

Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Novel 5,7-Diazapentacene Derivatives

A route to the synthesis of novel 5,7-diazapentacenes and some preliminary studies on their properties is reported. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the dihexyl derivative showed it had formed a dimer during the analysis. The materials possess lower lying frontier orbitals than pentacene and may have potential applications in organic electronic devices. This synthetic method may be applicable to the synthesis of other azaacenes.