R134a在板式换热器中的凝结换热实验研究

本文对R134a在板式换热器内的凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,通过测量换热器中冷却水及板壁温度获得了局部凝结换热系数随蒸气干度、质量流量及热流密度的变化关系.实验结果表明,凝结换热系数随着蒸气干度增加而增加.文章还将实验结果与部分文献数据进行了比较与分析.本文的研究为换热准则关系式的发展提供了实验数据.     

环保型制冷剂R600a制冷系统设计及其维修工艺

大气臭氧层的破坏和温室效应的加剧,是当前世界面临的主要环境问题。文中通过对R600a制冷剂物理化学特性的介绍以及与R12制冷剂的对比,得出在冰箱领域,R600a是一种可以永久替代CFCs的环保型制冷剂,分析了R600a替代R12的制冷系统设计的一些要点,最后基于提高工作效率以及保障操作安全的考虑,阐述了R600a冰箱的维修工艺。     

Fabrication and characterization of SERS‐active silver clusters on glassy carbon

In this article, a novel technique for the fabrication of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active silver clusters on glassy carbon (GC) has been proposed. It was found that silver clusters could be formed on a layer of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDDA) anchored to a carbon surface by 4‐aminobenzoic acid when a drop containing silver nanoparticles was deposited on it. The characteristics of the obtained silver clusters have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), SERS and an SERS‐based Raman mapping technique in the form of line scanning. The AFM image shows that the silver clusters consist of several silver nanoparticles and the size of the clusters is in the range 80–100 nm. The SERS spectra of different concentrations of rhodamine 6G (R6G) on the silver clusters were obtained and compared with those from a silver colloid. The apparent enhancement factor (AEF) was estimated to be as large as 3.1 × 10⁴ relative to silver colloid, which might have resulted from the presence of ‘hot‐spots’ at the silver clusters, providing a highly localized electromagnetic field for the large enhancement of the SERS spectra of R6G. The minimum electromagnetic enhancement factor (EEF) is estimated to be 5.4 × 10⁷ by comparison with the SERS spectra of R6G on the silver clusters and on the bare GC surface. SERS‐based Raman mapping technique in the form of line scanning further illustrates the good SERS activity and reproducibility on the silver clusters. Finally, 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐Mpy) was chosen as an analyte and the lowest detected concentration was investigated by the SERS‐active silver clusters. A concentration of 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ M 4‐Mpy could be detected with the SERS‐active silver clusters, showing the great potential of the technique in practical applications of microanalysis with high sensitivity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

R600a／矿物冷冻油混合物表面张力

本文利用新改进的表面张力实验系统对R600a／矿物冷冻油混合物的表面张力进行了实验研究,其中R600a的质量分数分别为O．95、0．90和0．85,温度范围为253．15-333．15K。实验结果表明,随着含油量的增加,R600a／矿物冷冻油的表面张力逐渐减小,矿物油的存在对纯质制冷剂的表面张力有比较明显的影响。     

稀土茜素黄R配合物的合成、表征及荧光性质

合成了 4种茜素黄R稀土配合物 ,通过对元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱和核磁共振氢谱的分析 ,确定它们的组成为 :Na[REL2 ]·2H2 O(RE =Sm ,Eu ,Tb ,Y ,NaHL =茜素黄R)。红外光谱表明 :配体以羧羰基的氧与稀土离子以单齿配位 ;配体的酚羟基离解 ,脱去质子后羟基氧与稀土离子配位 ;即酚氧和羧羰基的氧与稀土离子形成一个六元螯合环。配体的吸收峰 398nm在形成配合物后移于 35 1～ 35 5nm ,发生了较大位移 ,这说明稀土离子与配体成键 ;配合物IR在 4 15～ 4 35cm-1之间出现的新吸收峰归属为RE—O键的伸缩振动 ,佐证了配合物的形成 ;硝基中的氧和偶氮的氮原子未参与配位 ;IR还说明有两个水分子配位于稀土离子。紫外灯下可以看到Eu(Ⅲ )的配合物很强的红色荧光 ;荧光光谱测定 :Na[EuL2 ]·2H2 O有两个荧光发射峰分属于Eu的 5D0 → 7F1和5D0 → 7F2 跃迁。     

Braided differential operators on quantum algebras

We propose a general scheme of constructing braided differential algebras via algebras of “quantum exponentiated vector fields” and those of “quantum functions”. We treat a reflection equation algebra as a quantum analog of the algebra of vector fields. The role of a quantum function algebra is played by a general quantum matrix algebra. As an example we mention the so-called RTT algebra of quantized functions on the linear matrix group GL(m)$GL\left(m\right)$. In this case our construction essentially coincides with the quantum differential algebra introduced by S. Woronowicz. If the role of a quantum function algebra is played by another copy of the reflection equation algebra we get two different braided differential algebras. One of them is defined via a quantum analog of (co)adjoint vector fields, the other algebra is defined via a quantum analog of right-invariant vector fields. We show that the former algebra can be identified with a subalgebra of the latter one. Also, we show that “quantum adjoint vector fields” can be restricted to the so-called “braided orbits” which are counterparts of generic GL(m)$GL\left(m\right)$-orbits in gl^∗(m)$g{l}^{\ast }\left(m\right)$. Such braided orbits endowed with these restricted vector fields constitute a new class of braided differential algebras.     

(2R,5S)-N-间氟苄基-2,5-二甲基哌嗪的合成

以(2R,5S)-2,5-二甲基哌嗪为原料,经过成盐,单取代反应,用D-酉石酸对光学异构体的手性拆分,用氢氧化钠游离,最终合成(2R,5S)-N-间氟苄基-2,5-二甲基哌嗪,反应总收率为83％.该物质的合成未见文献报道,目标化合物用1H NMR,IR进行结构表征.     

非共沸混合制冷剂在高温空调中的实验研究

分析了R22/R142b在高温空调系统中应用的可行性,实验研究了高温空调样机性能参数随制冷剂混合比变化的规律,确定了空调样机的最佳充灌量。实验表明:R22/R142b的质量比为6.6/3.4~7.0/3.0时,空调系统在较宽的环境温度范围(35℃—60℃)制冷量变化平坦,技术和经济性能理想,排气温度和压力在普通空调压缩机的安全范围;同时显示制冷剂充灌量为2.6kg左右时,空调样机的制冷运行性能较优。     

耦合系统的混沌相位同步

通过引入混沌运动的相位定义分析了线性和非线性耦合参数对两个主共振子系统之间的混沌相位同步的影响.讨论了在近似于主共振条件下,两子系统不同步、不完全相位同步和完全相位同步之间的演化过程,揭示了不同状态相互转化与Lyapunov指数变化之间的关系,指出随着线性耦合力的增加,相位同步效应增强,然而随着非线性耦合力的增加,相位同步效应减弱. 关键词： 相位同步 Rssler振子 耦合 Lyapunov指数     

HFC-161混合物作为HCFC-22替代制冷剂的实验研究

本文提出了以HFC-161混合物作为HCFC-22的新型替代制冷剂(HFC-161/125/32,15/42.5/42.5wt%),并在设计使用R410A的压缩机性能测试台上,进行了该混合制冷剂与R410A在若干工况下的性能对比实验.实验结果表明,该新制冷剂的COP略高于R410A,而排气温度略低于R410A.与R410A相比,该新制冷剂的蒸发压力和冷凝压力均低约10%,制冷量和压缩机功耗分别下降4.3%和4.8%.该混合制冷剂物性环境性能良好,ODP为零,GWP值小于R410A.可作为HCFC-22的较为理想的替代制冷剂之一.