Simultaneous single-shot imaging of OH and O2 using a two-wavelength excimer laser

A technique is described for simultaneous single-shot imaging of OH and O₂. Laser-induced fluorescence of both molecules is excited by a tunable KrF laser, which is operated simultaneously on two wavelengths. By using two CCD detectors with image intensifiers and suitable filters, separate images of OH and O₂ distributions in H₂/O₂ and hydrocarbon/air flames were obtained.     

Phase diagram for diamond growth in atmospheric oxyacetylene flames

2 /C₂H₂ ratio for diamond synthesis in oxyacetylene flames can be theoretically predicted. When the substrate temperature is between 1000 K and 1250 K, the corresponding O₂/C₂H₂ ratio range is about between 0.8 and 1.1. The suitable range of substrate temperature is widest for O₂/C₂H₂ ratio close to unity and is narrowed rapidly when the flow ratio deviates from unity. Received: 2 March 1997/Accepted: 17 July 1997     

Laser-induced fluorescence detection of singlet CH2 in low-pressure methane/oxygen flames

Methylene, CH₂, is a chemically important intermediate in hydrocarbon combustion but has previously eluded optical detection in a combustion environment. The CH₂ signal as a function of height above the burner surface in a premixed, laminar, methane/oxygen flame (5.6 Torr and fuel equivalence ratio 1.05) is measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the B ₁ – ã¹ A ₁ electronic system. The ã state which lies 3165 cm^–1 above the ground state is populated at the high temperatures of the flame (800–1800 K). Although less than one photon for each laser pulse is detected, we can unambiguously attribute the LIF features in the region 450 to 650 nm to CH₂ by both scanning the excitation laser and dispersing fluorescence. LIF temperatures and CH and OH LIF concentration profiles are also obtained for the flame. The CH₂ radical concentration maximum occurs closer to the burner than that of either OH or CH, as expected from models of methane combustion chemistry.     

Two-photon predissociative fluorescence of H2O by a KrF laser for concentration and temperature measurement in flames

Two-photon laser-induced predissociative fluorescence (LIPF) of H₂O is examined as a potential measurement technique of H₂O concentration and temperature in flames. Two-photons of 248 nm light from a narrowband KrF laser excite H₂O to the highly predissociative state in a hydrogen-air flame. The subsequent bound-free emission is observed from 400–500 nm in the flame at temperatures of 1000–2000 K and is found to be free of fluorescence interference from other flame species. This LIPF signal is not affected by collisional quenching due to the short lifetime of the predissociative state (2.5 ps). Broadband laser dispersion spectra, narrowband laser dispersion spectra, laser excitation spectra and probability density functions of the H₂O fluorescence are obtained in the hydrogen flame. The H₂O LIPF signal is found to be temperature sensitive and a two-line LIPF technique is needed for concentration and temperature measurement. The accuracy of a two-line LIPF technique for H₂O concentration and temperature measurement is determined.     

Hydrogen CARS thermometry in a high-pressure H2–air flame. Test of H2 temperature accuracy and influence of line width by comparison with N2 CARS as reference

This work describes a further step towards the determination of the temperature accuracy of H₂ Q-branch CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering) at high pressure with regard to the influence of the H₂ line widths. In laminar steady H₂/air flames in the pressure range 1–15 bar and at fuel-rich conditions with stoichiometries between two and four, quasi-simultaneous temperature measurements were performed with H₂ and N₂ CARS. The temperature values deduced from H₂ CARS are in good agreement with the reference temperature from N₂ CARS. The influence of different line-width contributions on the accuracy of H₂ Q-branch thermometry was investigated in detail. Received: 10 April 2001 / Revised version: 22 May 2001 / Published online: 18 July 2001     

Diode-pumped ultra-short-pulse solid-state lasers

Many materials are good candidates for diode-pumped ultra-short-pulse lasers: several transition-metal-ion-doped crystals can or could support extremely short fs pulses. This goal, so far, has only been reached by Cr³⁺:LiSAF, but there are good chances for other crystals like Cr⁴⁺:YAG having its bandwidth within the third communication window, and the high-yield Cr²⁺:ZnSe with its impressive bandwidth in the near IR. Rare-earth-ion-doped media deliver only sub-ps pulses but allow unprecedented and scalable high average powers, like a SESAM mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk laser described recently. In all ranges of pulse durations there are fascinating applications ready for widespread employment as soon as compact, reliable and moderately priced ultra-short-pulse systems will be available for the non-laser-skilled user. The highest impact in the near future is attributed to microstructuring of materials and processing of biological samples, including dental enamel, by ps and sub-ps pulses, and optical coherence tomography needing pulses in the 10-fs regime at very modest average powers. Received: 29 June 2000 / Published online: 6 December 2000     

不同氛围下烟草的热裂解行为研究

烟丝分别在He和空气环境中于600、700、800、900、1 000 ℃下进行热裂解,裂解产物用GC-MS进行在线检测,研究了烟丝样品分别在惰性和有氧氛围中不同温度下的热裂解行为.数据表明,烟丝在He气和空气中热裂解时的产物有较大差异,He气下的裂解产物以烯烃、苯和苯系物为主;在空气下裂解的主要产物为酮、醛、醇、酸和酯等羰基化合物.有氧氛围有益于异戊二烯和1,3-丁二烯的生成,但在一定程度上抑制了酚类物质的产生.在惰性和有氧氛围下,随着温度的升高,多环芳烃化合物的产生量均进一步增加.He氛围下得到的裂解产物类型接近卷烟燃烧时的热解区,而空气氛围下得到的裂解产物类型接近燃烧区.