Application of magnetic poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres for immunomagnetic separation of bone marrow cells

Surface-functionalized magnetic poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-GMA) microspheres were prepared and coupled with Sca-1 antibody for cell selection from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). Biotinylated Sca-1 antibody could be directly coupled to avidin-bound magnetic microspheres. Alternatively, oxidized goat anti-mouse antibody was covalently bound onto the amino group-containing magnetic microspheres in a site-directed manner, and the resultant conjugate was coupled with non-modified Sca-1 antibody. Using the indirect antibody-bound magnetic microspheres, the purity of isolated Sca-1⁺ cells increased with bead-to-cell ratio. Using a bead-to-cell ratio of 10 beads/cell, a purity of 85% Sca-1⁺ cells corresponding to a 17-fold enrichment was achieved.     

ESR studies in γ‐irradiated and PS‐radiation‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)

The fluoropolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) was irradiated with γ rays to induce a polystyrene (PS) radiation grafting via an indirect method. Electron spin resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to identify the species that initiated the PS grafting. Specific experiments were performed to prove separately the importance of each kind of radical. A localization of the radicals in this irradiated polymer is proposed, and a kinetic model of the grafting is given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1437–1448, 2001     

Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Combined with CaCO3 Microspheres and Gold Nanoparticles

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase(HRP) were achieved by entrapping the enzyme between CaCO3 microspheres and gold nanoparticles through forming sandwich configuration (CaCO3-HRP-AuNPs). Polyanion, poly(styrene sulfonate)(PSS), was hybrid with CaCO3 microspheres to increase the surface negative charges for binding with HRP through electrostatic interaction. After the bioconjugate CaCO3 PSS-HRP was entrapped in chitosan based sol-gel(CS-GPTMS) film, HRP was encapsulated by in situ formation of an outer layer of AuNPs through electrochemical reduction of HAuCl4. The composite film containing AuNPs, CaCO3-PSS-HRP bioconjugates and CS-GPTMS can provide favorable microenvironment for HRP to perform direct electron transfer at glassy carbon electrode(GCE). HRP retained its bioelectrocatalytic activity and lead to sensitive and fast amperometric response for the determination of H2O2. H2O2 could be detected in a very wide linear range from 5.0×10–6 mol/L to 7.1×10–2 mol/L. The sandwich configuration of CaCO3-biomolecules-AuNPs could serve as a versatile platform for enzyme immobilization and biosensing.     

简单方法制备羟基磷灰石中空微球

无需添加任何有机物和金属离子, 以易得的中空球形碳酸钙(CaCO3)与磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)作为反应物在常压下制备出羟基磷灰石中空微球. 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对制备的羟基磷灰石中空微球的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征, 考察了不同反应温度对中空球形貌的影响. 实验结果表明, 所制备的羟基磷灰石微球是由短针状的纳米粒子组成的, 直径为2-4 μm. 对反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

F-C烷基化反应原位增容PS/POE共混物中降解的抑制和增容效果的优化

在聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/AlCl3共混物中引入苯乙烯(St)单体,增加了共混体系中的不饱和结构,AlCl3催化剂与St反应生成大量的初始碳正离子,这些初始碳正离子进攻POE链生成更多的大碳正离子,进而形成更多的PS-graft-POE共聚物,提高了接枝效率.进而,采用"两次挤出"技术,即先原位增容制成接枝母料,然后接枝母料再与PS和POE二次挤出,可以在一定程度上缓解组份的降解,使共混物的力学性能得到进一步的改善.     

Synthesis of tri-layer hybrid microspheres with magnetic core and functional polymer shell

Tri-layer magnetite/silica/poly(divinylbenzene) (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/PDVB) core-shell hybrid microspheres were prepared by distillation precipitation polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of magnetite/3-(methacryloxyl)propyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) modified silica core-shell particles as seeds. The polymerization of DVB was performed in neat acetonitrile with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator to coat magnetite/MPS-modified silica particles through the capture of DVB oligomers with the aid of vinyl groups on the surface of inorganic seeds in absence of any stabilizer or surfactant. Other magnetite/silica/polymer tri-layer hybrid particles, such as magnetite/silica/poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/PEGDMA) and magnetite/silica/poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/P(EGDMA-co-MAA)) with various polarity and functionality, were also prepared by this procedure. Magnetite/silica/poly(N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/P(MBAAm-co-MAA)) were synthesized with unmodified magnetite/silica particles as seeds. The resultant tri-layer hybrid particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).     

The effect of PVC on thermal and catalytic degradation of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene by a continuous flow reactor

A continuous flow reactor was operated at atmospheric pressure and feed rate of 0–1.5 kg h⁻¹ for degradation of PE, PP and PS in presence of 1–2 wt% PVC. The degradation temperatures were between 360 and 440 °C depending on the feeding material. The influence of PVC, temperature and silica-alumina catalysts on degradation behavior and on the properties of the products was studied and discussed. Different effects were observed for binary PE/PVC, PP/PVC, PS/PVC and complex PE/PP/PS/PVC mixtures due to specific interactions between PVC and each hydrocarbon polyolefin. Silica-alumina catalysts decreased the Cl concentration in oils but it seems to generate high amounts of Cl-containing organic compounds in gases.     

Depth profiling of polymer samples using Ga+ and C60+ ion beams

In this contribution, we focus on the use of C₆₀⁺ ions for depth profiling of model synthetic polymers: polystyrene (PS) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). These polymers were spin coated on silicon wafers, and the obtained samples were depth‐profiled both with Ga⁺ ions and C₆₀⁺ ions. We observed an important yield enhancement for both polymers when C₆₀⁺ ions are used. More specifically, we discuss here the decrease in damage obtained with C₆₀, which is found to be very sensitive to the nature of the polymer. During the C₆₀⁺ sputtering of the PMMA layer, after an initial decrease, a steady state is observed in the secondary ion yield of characteristic fragments. In contrast, for PS, an exponential decrease is directly observed, leading to an initial disappearance cross section close to the value observed for Ga⁺. Though there is a significant loss of characteristic PS signal when sputtering with C₆₀⁺ ions beams, there are still significant enhancements in sputter yields when employing C₆₀⁺ as compared to Ga⁺. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of Well‐Defined Polybenzamide‐block‐Polystyrene by Combination of Chain‐Growth Condensation Polymerization and RAFT Polymerization

Well‐defined diblock copolymers composed of poly(N‐octylbenzamide) and polystyrene were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene with a polyamide chain transfer agent (CTA) prepared via chain‐growth condensation polymerization. Synthesis of a dithioester‐type macro‐CTA possessing the polyamide segment as an activating group was unsatisfactory due to side reactions and incomplete introduction of the benzyl dithiocarbonyl unit. On the other hand, a dithiobenzoate‐CTA containing poly(N‐octylbenzamide) as a radical leaving group was easily synthesized, and the RAFT polymerization of styrene with this CTA afforded poly(N‐octylbenzamide)‐block‐polystyrene with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity.

     

PS-PBA粒子分散系的介电弛豫谱解析——同、反离子对弛豫的影响及表界面电参数的计算

制备了近纳米级的聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯(PS-PBA)复合微球粒子,并在40Hz～110×106Hz的宽频范围测量了该粒子分散在9种电解质中时的介电弛豫谱,发现了与PS微球粒子分散系不同的特异介电弛豫:低频弛豫对反离子种类具有敏感性而高频弛豫则与电解质种类几乎无关;根据Shilov-Dukhin模型和M-W-O模型分别分析了高、低频率的弛豫机制,并通过对介电谱的Cole-Cole拟合获得了各体系的介电参数.进一步利用Hanai方法由介电参数计算获得了所有体系的相参数;详细分析了体系的内部参数受PS-PBA微球自身结构以及电解质种类影响的原因;讨论了离子扩散系数对介电参数的影响,从而得出了低、高频的弛豫特征时间分别由同离子的扩散系数和反离子的扩散系数所决定之结论.最后,结合Grosse宽频介电理论计算了粒子表面的以及双电层的主要电参数,并分析了电解质种类差异对这些电参数的影响.