Effect of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic activity of WO3 for O2 evolution

Commercial WO₃ powder was annealed in air at four different temperatures and characterized by XRD and BET. The samples were used for the photooxidation of H₂O to O₂ under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) in the presence of IO₃⁻ and the evolved gases were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the WO₃ photocatalyst of monoclinic phase, which was obtained by annealing at 750 °C for 4 h, displayed the best activity in terms of O₂ evolution among all the samples. Moreover, the activity was also found to be slightly affected by the grain size of the WO₃ samples.     

Surface morphology and composition of c-, a- and m-sapphire surfaces in O2 and H2 environments

This paper reports that monitoring the composition of the c(0 0 0 1), a(11–20) and m(10–10) sapphire surfaces is essential for a proper interpretation of the surface morphologies obtained after annealing at 1253 and 1473 K in ArH₂ or ArO₂ atmospheres. Our experimental investigations, which have used Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the surfaces of 99.99% pure sapphire wafers, have led to the following original conclusions: (i) Calcium segregates at the c-surface of sapphire both under ArO₂ and ArH₂. (ii) Potassium adsorption enhances the kinetics of step-bunching on the c-surface under ArO₂. (iii) The step edges on the a-surface may develop a comb-like morphology made of parallel strips along the [10–10] direction. (iv) At 1253 K, clean m-surfaces may be stable. (v) Under ArH₂, alumina surface diffusion is much slower than under ArO₂ for all surface orientations, the surface concentration of impurities is low, and the Al–O ratio of the AES signals at the surface is significantly larger.     

激光雷达探测污染气体最小浓度的估算方法

探测大气中污染气体的浓度是激光雷达的一个重要应用方面,最小可探测浓度是衡量一个雷达系统的重要指标。从测量的误差理论出发、分析得出了一般情况下．被测量最小值的估算方法：当被测量的相对误差为100％时,此时的被测量的大小就是可探测量的最小值。把此方法应用到激光雷达中来．得出了差分吸收激光雷达和拉曼雷达探测污染气体最小浓度估算公式．并把它们与已有的估算公式进行了比较,指出了原有估算公式的不足。     

In vivo quantitative 1H MRS of cerebellum and evaluation of quantitation reproducibility by simulation of different levels of noise and spectral resolution

A quantitative analysis of cerebellar metabolites in normal subjects has been performed by proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) with relaxation time correction. Quantitation was carried out in seven healthy human subjects with the well-established LCModel program. The prior knowledge utilized for quantitation was obtained from solutions containing the major brain metabolites and MRS investigated under the same experimental conditions. The tissue water signal was used as an internal standard for the in vivo studies. Both in vitro (for the prior knowledge template) and in vivo data were acquired separately at 1.5 T by PRESS sequence (TR, 1500 ms; TE, 30 ms). The absolute concentration of main cerebellar metabolites was corrected for relaxation time effects. Different noise and line broadening conditions were considered and simulated in the spectral processing in order to evaluate the effect of spectral quality on the concentration estimates.     

SiC晶体生长中流场的优化设计

物理气相输运法(PVT)是实验室最为常见的碳化硅(SiC)大块单晶生长方法.本文在碳化硅晶体生长模型化研究中,针对碳化硅单晶PVT生长过程中的传热传质等现象引入了对流传热中的场协同原理,利用这一原理对生长室内的流场温度场进行了优化,并对改良前后分别进行了数值模拟,研究了该原理对晶体生长的影响.实验室碳化硅单晶的生长成功...     

白光LED用蓝绿色荧光粉Sr1-xBax Al2O4:Eu2+的发光性质

采用高温固相法在还原气氛中合成Sr1-xBaxAl2 O4:Eu2+荧光材料.XRD显示,当钡掺杂量x＜0.4时,对应样品主要为单斜SrAl2 O4晶体结构;当x≥0.4时,对应样品主要为简单六方BaAl2 O4晶体结构.在360nn激发下,样品的发射光谱随x的增加由单一的绿光发射(λmax=516nm)逐渐转变为蓝绿...     

High power diode single-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser

A fiber-coupled diode-single-end-pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser with an Nd:YVO₄ crystal of 0.3 at% doping concentration and 3×3×10 mm³ dimensions was reported. 14.850 W of continuous-wave output power in an M² factor of 1.12 was obtained under pump power of 27.365 W, with an optical conversion efficiency of 60.49%, and a slope efficiency of 64.5%.     

Surface and subsurface oxide formation on Ni(1 0 0) and Ni(1 1 1)

The oxidation of Ni(1 0 0) and Ni(1 1 1) at elevated temperatures and large oxygen exposures, typical of the methods used in the preparation of NiO(1 0 0) films for surface studies, has been investigated by medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) using 100 keV H⁺ incident ions. Oxide film growth proceeds significantly faster on Ni(1 1 1) than on Ni(1 0 0), but on both surfaces oxide penetration occurs to depths significantly greater than 100 Å with total exposures of 1200 and 6000 L respectively. The metal/oxide interface is extremely rough, with metallic Ni extending to the surface, even for much thicker oxide films on Ni(1 1 1). On Ni(1 1 1), NiO growth occurs with the (1 0 0) face parallel to the Ni(1 1 1) surface and the close-packed 〈1 1 0〉 directions parallel. On Ni(1 0 0) the MEIS blocking curves cannot be reconciled with a single orientation of NiO(1 0 0) (with the 〈1 1 0〉 directions parallel) on the surface, but is consistent with the substantial orientational disorder (including tilt) previously identified by spot-profile analysis LEED.     

Analysis of the Nonselective Spectra of Photostimulated Electron Emission from the Surface of Irradiated Dielectrics

The methodological aspects of PSEE spectroscopy of the surface of irradiated dielectrics have been considered. A generalized method for processing the nonselective photostimulated electron emission (PSEE) spectra taking into account the effects of radiation electrification and structural disordering is proposed and has been substantiated. The procedure of separation of the emission contribution of discrete radiation centers providing, in the stationary approach, estimation of a number of parameters and the concentration of emission-active defects of the surface layer of the material has been described. The potentialities of the method have been demonstrated with the example of Be₂SiO₄ phenacite crystals and crystalline and glassy SiO₂. Diamagnetic oxygen-deficient centers, body and surface E'-centers, as well as hole O ₁ ⁰ -centers on nonbridging oxygen atoms have been registered. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 381–385, May–June, 2005.     

金镍复合膜上碳纳米管的定向生长及生长过程中金的作用

以金镍复合膜作催化剂，在96%的高氢气浓度下实现了碳纳米管的定向生长，并对其生长过 程进行了深入探讨.结果表明，高氢气浓度下碳纳米管生长的实现与本实验所选用的催化剂 ——金镍复合膜有密切关系.催化剂中金的参与，促进了碳在催化剂中的扩散，提高了碳在 催化剂中的活度.与催化剂中没有金的情况相比较，金的参与有利于镍吸收气氛中的碳，从 而使镍更容易达到碳饱和，有利于在高的氢气浓度下实现碳纳米管的定向生长. 关键词： 金镍复合膜 高氢气浓度 原子氢 碳活度