17O-核磁共振法研究不同处理方法对液态水缔合结构的影响

水作为人类重要的生产要素,参与了卷烟生产的多个环节。水在自然条件下以分子簇的形式存在,多种处理方式可以改变水分子团簇的大小。本文以¹⁷O-核磁共振法为水分子团簇的表征手段,以自来水为水源,考察了氢气、远红外辐射陶瓷球、反渗透、磁场四种处理方法对水分子簇的影响。结果表明:四种处理方式均能使一定量水分子由氢键结合态变为自由态,从而使水分子簇变小。不同处理方法对液态水缔合结构的影响大小排序为氢气处理>远红外陶瓷球处理>反渗透处理>磁场处理。同时,对氢气处理效果的时效性进行了考察,随着放置时间增加,部分自由态水分子再次转变为氢键结合态,水分子簇尺寸变大,但三天后仍保留了一定处理效果。本研究表明氢气处理为四种处理方式中最优的水处理方式,具有提升烟草行业生产用水品质的潜在应用价值。     

Cr2O3/C@TiO2核壳型复合材料的设计合成及其光催化产氢性能

随着社会经济的快速发展,能源危机和环境污染问题成为世界各国关注的焦点.通过光催化剂将太阳能用于污染物降解、分解水产氢、CO2还原及有机物合成等领域,是解决上述问题的理想途径.过渡金属氧化物TiO2因其稳定性高、催化活性好、制备简单等优点,被认为是最理想的光催化材料.然而,TiO2带隙较宽、光响应范围窄、光量子效率低等缺点限制了其实际应用.将碳或Cr2O3与TiO2结合形成复合结构已被证明可以有效提升其光催化性能.另一方面,金属离子的掺杂可以有效提高氧化钛的可见光响应.本文利用具有高比表面积的金属有机骨架材料MIL-101(Cr)纳米材料作为模板、镉源和碳源,首先在MIL-101(Cr)表面可控生长TiO2纳米颗粒,获得MIL-101(Cr)@TiO2复合结构;然后在氮气保护下碳化形成Cr2O3/C@TiO2核壳型复合材料.碳化后,制备的复合材料具有模板的八面体形貌和高比表面积,MIL-101(Cr)中的Cr元素一部分会形成Cr2O3,一部分会掺杂到TiO2中,使得TiO2的吸收边红移.此外,Cr2O3/C@TiO2中的C有利于光的吸收和载流子的分离.这种独特的纳米结构赋予Cr2O3/C@TiO2复合材料优异的光催化性能.在300 W氙灯照射下,该复合材料光解水产氢的速率为446μmol h?1 g?1,约为纯TiO2的4倍.在可见光照射下,Cr2O3/C@TiO2分解水产氢的速率为25.5μmol h?1 g?1.将获得的粉体催化剂制备成光电极发现,Cr2O3/C@TiO2在全幅光照射下的光电流密度在0.4 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)下达到2.3 mA/cm2,约为纯TiO2的3.5倍.Cr2O3/C@TiO2光催化产氢活性的提高一方面是由于Cr掺杂到TiO2中使得其具有可见光响应,另一方面MIL-101碳化获得的Cr2O3/C有效促进了光生载流子的分离.     

醋酸铜促进的酰胺-噁唑啉化合物与芳基硫醇的C—H键双硫代化反应研究

以酰胺-噁唑啉为辅助基团,在廉价的醋酸铜促进下,实现了酰胺衍生物C(sp2)—H键与芳基硫醇S—H键的脱氢偶联反应;以中等到优秀的产率(最高可达90%)简单高效地合成了一系列双硫化的酰胺衍生物.值得一提的是,底物范围并不局限于各种取代苯基酰胺化合物,吡啶基酰胺化合物也可以兼容.该反应的特点是:金属廉价、底物范围广、反应条件温和、无需外加配体、空气作为氧化剂、区域选择性好(仅酰胺基团邻位的C—H键发生反应,而噁唑啉基团邻位的C—H键不发生反应);此外,克级规模的反应表明了其在合成中的实用性.     

Short Radiative Lifetime and Non-Triplet Sensitization in Near-Infrared-Luminescent Yb(III) Complex with Tripodal Schiff Base

We prepared Ln(III) (Ln=Eu, Gd, and Yb) complexes with a tripodal Schiff base, tris[2-(5-methylsalicylideneimino)ethyl]amine (H₃L) and studied their photophysical properties. Upon ligand excitation, YbL showed Yb(III)-centered luminescence in the near-infrared region. While the overall quantum yield (0.60(1)%) of YbL in acetonitrile was moderate among the reported values for Yb(III) complexes, its radiative lifetime (0.33(2) ms) was significantly shorter than those reported previously. We propose that the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) state mediated the sensitization in YbL. The emission and excitation spectra of EuL indicated the participation of the LMCT state in the sensitization. The radiative lifetime (0.84(7) ms) for EuL in the solid state was rather short compared to those of reported Eu(III) complexes. Our results show that the Yb(III) complex with the Schiff base ligand has two features: the short radiative lifetime and the non-triplet sensitization path.     

Accelerated FeIII/FeII redox cycle of Fenton reaction system using Pd/NH2-MIL-101(Cr) and hydrogen

In this paper, a novel improvement in the catalytic Fenton reaction system named MHACF-NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) was constructed based on H₂ and Pd/NH₂-MIL-101(Cr). The improved system would result in an accelerated reduction in Fe^III, and provide a continuous and fast degradation efficiency of the 10 mg L^-1 4-chlorophenol which was the model contaminant by using only trace level Fe^II. The activity of Pd/NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) decreased from 100% to about 35% gradually during the six consecutive reaction cycles of 18 h. That could be attributed to the irreversible structural damage of NH₂-MIL-101(Cr).     

选择性合成(1,3-二苯基-2-亚丁烯基)二苯甲胺席夫碱及其光催化选择性双键转移的研究

席夫碱是一类具有多功能结构的化合物.本文使用二苯甲胺和苯乙酮为原料合成了(1,3-二苯基-2-亚丁烯基)二苯甲胺席夫碱,并进行了光催化选择性双键转移的研究.结果 表明,当苯乙酮与二苯甲胺投料比为3∶1,先在135C反应4h,然后升温到165C继续反应3h,可选择性合成(1,3-二苯基-2-亚丁烯基)二苯甲胺席夫碱.该席...     

原位制备的铁配合物催化烯烃选择性环氧化

制备了配体2-(2-吡啶基)-噁唑啉。该含氮配体能够在乙腈溶液中与三氟甲磺酸亚铁和其它辅助配体原位形成具有催化活性的六配位金属亚铁配合物。量子化学计算表明配体上的氮原子而非氧原子与铁配位。研究表明,以H_2O_2为氧化剂,该金属配合物能够在乙腈溶液中高活性地催化末端芳香烯烃和脂肪烯烃的环氧化反应;该反应条件温和、迅速、选择性好并且适用底物范围宽泛。辅助配体、溶剂和氧化剂等因素对反应的活性和选择性影响很敏感,文中对这些影响进行了较详细的研究。     

基于金属有机骨架前驱体制备纳米磷化镍催化剂

采用镍基金属有机骨架化合物(Ni-MOF)为前驱体,通过低温碳化获得Ni@C,并通过磷化成功地制备了不同结构的磷化镍纳米颗粒。将所得材料应用于析氢反应(HER)催化剂,在Ni@C与红磷质量比为1∶1及热解温度为500℃时获得的Ni1P1-500表现出优异的电催化性能,在酸性介质中,电流密度为10 mA·cm-2时,过电位为178 mV,并展现了良好的循环性能。较小的Tafel斜率(62 mV·dec-1)揭示了析氢反应的机理为Desorption-Heyrovsky机制。优异的电催化性能可归因于磷化镍催化剂表面存在的质子受体(P位点)和氢化物受体(Ni位点)活性中心。     

Dendrimer Templated Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Supported PdAu Catalyst and its Application as Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

At present, CNT supported catalysts were prepared by two different methods as NaBH₄ reduction and dendrimer templated NaBH₄ reduction method to observe the effect of preparation method on the sensitivity and activity of H₂O₂ reduction. Then, CNT supported Pd_xAu_y bimetallic nanocatalysts having various atomic ratio were synthesized via novel dendrimer templated NaBH₄ reduction method. The resulting materials were characterized employing XRD and TEM. Crystallite size of 10 %Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer was obtained from XRD 17.1 nm and mean particle size obtained from TEM is about 15 nm. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of these catalysts was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. Pd_xAu_y bimetallic nanocatalysts have excellent electrocatalytic properties and great potential for applications in electrochemical detection. The sensitivity and the limit of detection values for the prepared sensor with monometallic 10 % Pd/CNT_dendrimer catalysts are 219.78 μA mM^?1cm^?2 and 2.6 μM, respectively. However, the sensor constructed with 10 %Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer modified electrode has a very high sensitivity of 316.89 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 with a quick response time of 2 s and a wide linear range of 0.001–19.0 mM. In addition, the interference experiment indicated that the 10 % Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer nanoparticles have good selectivity toward H₂O₂.     

可见光催化烯烃砜基化启动的远程醛基碳-氢键直接硫化反应

有机硫化合物广泛应用于医药、农药、新材料等领域, 因此, 发展新的碳-硫键形成方法非常重要. 近年来, 烯烃的自由基砜基化反应作为一种温和、有效的有机硫化合物合成策略得到了快速发展, 其中, 烯烃的硫砜基化反应因为能够同时构建两种不同的碳-硫键成了一种非常有吸引力的碳-硫键形成方法. 以硫代磺酸酯同时作砜基化和硫化试剂, 实现了一个可见光催化烯烃砜基化启动的远程醛基碳-氢键直接硫化反应, 一步合成了6-或7-砜基取代的硫酯类化合物. 反应具有优秀的原子经济性, 产率中等到良好, 能兼容各种不同的官能团. 相比传统的烯烃1,2-或1,1-硫砜基化反应, 首次实现了官能团化烯烃的远程硫砜基化反应, 拓展了现有硫砜基化反应方法学. 初步的机理研究表明, 该反应可能经历一个可见光催化的自由基反应历程.