应用于2.1μm激光的Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺氟碲酸盐微结构光纤研究

采用棒管法制备了低羟基含量的Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺氟碲酸盐微结构光纤。当使用波长为1 560 nm的激光器泵浦Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺光纤时,处于Tm~(3+)基态3H6的电子被激发至3F4能级,进一步通过Tm~(3+)和Ho~(3+)间的能量传递过程3F4→3H6(Tm~(3+)):5I8→5I7(Ho~(3+))(能量失配为745 cm-1)布居Ho~(3+)的5I7能级,5I7能级上的电子向5I8能级跃迁发射出2.1μm的光。使用1 560 nm光纤激光器作为泵浦源,18 cm长的Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)氟碲酸盐微结构光纤作为增益介质,获得了波长为2 063 nm的激光输出。所得激光的斜率效率为12.9%,激光阈值为163 m W,未饱和的最大输出功率为40 m W。研究结果表明,Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺氟碲酸盐微结构光纤可用于制作2.1μm光纤激光器。     

Analysis of the sensitivity to the electrochemical potential of the width of a metallic nanoconstriction

In relation to a metallic nanowire in the presence of an electrochemical potential, the sensitivity to this potential of the nanowire width is evaluated by defining and calculating a suitable parameter that can be regarded as a normalized gradient, this gradient being the derivative of the above-mentioned width with respect to the electrochemical potential.     

Surface tension-driven shape-recovery of micro/nanometer-scale surface features in a Pt57.5Ni5.3Cu14.7P22.5 metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region: A numerical modeling capability

Recent experiments in the literature show that micro/nano-scale features imprinted in a Pt-based metallic glass, Pt_57.5Ni_5.3Cu_14.7P_22.5, using thermoplastic forming at a temperature above its glass transition temperature, may be erased by subsequent annealing at a slightly higher temperature in the supercooled liquid region (Kumar and Schroers, 2008). The mechanism of shape-recovery is believed to be surface tension-driven viscous flow of the metallic glass. We have developed an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive theory for metallic glasses in the supercooled liquid temperature range at low strain rates, and we have used existing experimental data in the literature for Pt_57.5Ni_5.3Cu_14.7P_22.5 (Harmon et al., 2007) to estimate the material parameters appearing in our constitutive equations. We have implemented our constitutive model for the bulk response of the glass in a finite element program, and we have also developed a numerical scheme for calculating surface curvatures and incorporating surface tension effects in finite element simulations. By carrying out full three-dimensional finite-element simulations of the shape-recovery experiments of Kumar and Schroers (2008), and using the independently determined material parameters for the bulk glass, we estimate the surface tension of Pt_57.5Ni_5.3Cu_14.7P_22.5 at the temperature at which the shape-recovery experiments were conducted. Finally, with the material parameters for the underlying elastic-viscoplastic bulk response as well as a value for the surface tension of the Pt-based metallic glass fixed, we validate our simulation capability by comparing predictions from our numerical simulations of shape-recovery experiments of Berkovich nanoindents, against corresponding recent experimental results of Packard et al. (2009) who reported shape-recovery data of nanoindents on the same Pt-based metallic glass.     

Structures of CoAl(1 1 1) surface: A first principles study

The structures of the CoAl(1 1 1) surface are studied by first principles calculations. Our calculations show that the surface layer is always occupied by pure Al for all concentrations studied here, which indicates the dominant role of the Al segregation tendency. This is different from the CoAl(0 0 1) surface, where a number of Co anti-sites are found on the top most layer. The calculated surface phase diagram of ground states shows that there are three stable structures. The diffusion barriers of the metastable structure evolving to the stable structure are also calculated. The high diffusion barrier can explain the appearance of metastable structures at low temperature in experiment.     

Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for studying the interactions of β-amyloid peptide with metallic ions

In this paper, a kind of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-16) conjugated gold nanoparticles (Aβ1-16@GNPs) are prepared and employed as colorimetric indicator for studying the interaction of β-amyloid peptide with metallic ions (e.g. Zn²⁺ and Ca²⁺). In the presence of Zn²⁺, mono-dispersing Aβ1-16@GNPs enable to form aggregates or attach on the SHG-44 (human glioma cell) cellular surface which results in significant color change of the solution. The experimental results indicate that Zn²⁺ can interact with Aβ1-16 and form Zn²⁺-β-amyloid peptide complexes. In particular, in the presence of Zn²⁺, a time-dependent interaction of cells with Aβ1-16@GNPs has been observed that may suggest different expression levels of β-amyloid peptide related proteins in various cell cycles. In addition, the aggregating/binding process can be easily reversed by adding EDTA, a good chelated ligand of Zn²⁺, which gives further proof of the interaction mechanism.     

Analyses of intrinsic inhomogeneity and metal segregation in samples of Ag–Ge–Se glasses

Ge_ySe_(1−y) glasses are semiconductors but when Ag is added above certain threshold concentration, Ag_x[Ge_ySe_(1−y)]_(100−x) glasses behave as fast ionic conductors [Ureña et al., Solid State Ionics 176 (2005) 505]. This peculiar behavior may be attributed to the intrinsically inhomogeneous nature of these glasses where zones rich in metals coexist with zones of the host material. The conductivity transformation may be ascribed to the percolation of the Ag rich phase [Pradel et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 (2003) S1561].Ag_x[Ge_0.25Se_0.75]_(100−x) glasses either massive or as films were obtained by melt quenching and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively, in compositions belonging to the Se rich corner of the ternary phase diagram. Their amorphous nature and intermediate range order was checked employing X-ray diffractometry (XRD), the short range order was characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (Ge and Se K absorption edge) and their microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).     

A model for the stabilization of atomic hydrogen centers in borate glasses

A previously proposed model describing the trapping site of the interstitial atomic hydrogen in borate glasses is analyzed. In this model the atomic hydrogen is stabilized at the centers of oxygen polygons belonging to B–O ring structures in the glass network by van der Waals forces. The previously reported atomic hydrogen isothermal decay experimental data are discussed in the light of this microscopic model. A coupled differential equation system of the observed decay kinetics was solved numerically using the Runge Kutta method. The experimental untrapping activation energy of 0.7×10⁻¹⁹ J is in good agreement with the calculated results of dispersion interaction between the stabilized atomic hydrogen and the neighboring oxygen atoms at the vertices of hexagonal ring structures.     

Correlation of soft magnetic properties with free volume and medium range ordering in metallic glasses probed by fluctuation microscopy and positron annihilation technique

Amorphous ribbons of different thicknesses of Co_64.5Fe_3.5Si₁₆B₁₄Ni₂ alloy were synthesized using the melt spinning technique by varying wheel speed. The effect of cooling rate on the ribbon thickness and their soft magnetic properties have been studied. The amorphous structure has been characterized in terms of structural free volume and medium range order (MRO) by positron annihilation spectroscopy and fluctuation electron microscopy techniques. Positron lifetime spectra of amorphous samples showed two lifetime components. The first component was found to be correlated with MRO whereas, the second lifetime component was found to be associated with nanovoid type of defects, and the second component was strongly dependent on processing conditions. It could be established that the coercivity of the amorphous samples produced by the rapid solidification technique mainly depends on the defects formed during processing rather than change induced in MRO.     

Spectroscopic investigations of 1.06 μm emission in Nd-doped alkali niobium zinc tellurite glasses

Thermal, structural and optical properties of Nd³⁺ ions in tellurite glass (TeO₂-ZnO-Na₂O-Li₂O-Nb₂O₅) have been investigated. Differential thermal analysis revealed reasonably good forming tendency of the glass composition. FTIR spectra were used to analyze the functional groups present in the glass. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were derived from the absorption spectrum and used to calculate the radiative lifetime, branching ratio and stimulated emission cross-section of the ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2, _{11/2, 13/2} transitions. The quantum efficiency of the ⁴F_3/2 level is comparable as well as higher than the typical value of the other tellurite based glasses. The decay from the ⁴F_3/2 level is found to be single exponential for different concentrations of Nd³⁺ ions with a shortening of lifetime with increasing concentration. The experimental values of branching ratio and saturation intensity of ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2 transition indicate the favourable lasing action with low threshold power.