1T相MoS2的制备及在电催化分解水析氢反应中的应用

二硫化钼(MoS₂)已成为电化学析氢反应(HER)中铂催化剂的廉价替代品。1T-MoS₂是MoS₂的金属相，由于其具有优异的导电性和更多的电化学活性位点，因此成为了比2H-MoS₂更具前景的理想催化剂材料。本文综述了1T相MoS₂的制备及在HER中的应用。首先，比较了1T-MoS₂和2H-MoS₂几何结构及电子结构的差异，从“自上而下”及“自下而上”的角度概述了1T-MoS₂常用制备方法，总结1T-MoS₂及1T-MoS₂基材料在HER领域的应用；最后指出现阶段关于1T-MoS₂的研究中仍存在的一些关键问题。     

Antibiotics-loaded nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning for the treatment of bone infections

Electrospinning is one of the most promising fabrication techniques of nanostructured membranes for guided bone regeneration. In association with antibiotics, membranes consisting of fibers with sub-micrometric and nanometric dimensions have been tested to prevent and treat bone infections. Electrospinning was recently applied to produce metallic implant coatings for biofilm inhibition. Despite the numerous in vitro and in vivo studies conducted with nanofibers from several polymeric matrices and fabrication methods, there is no consensus on the best conditions to optimize their antimicrobial activity. This study analyzed recent advances in nanofiber fabrication by the electrospinning technique for clinical applications in the treatment of bone infections. An integrative review from MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scielo databases selected 16 works focused on nanofibers' in vitro and in vivo evaluations. It was found that manufacturing methods significantly influence fiber composition, structure, morphology, pore size, and biodegradability. Thus, standardizing these parameters in the production of nanofibers at an industrial scale is one of the challenges in improving drug loading control on the fiber network and its release profiles. Further in vivo studies need to be conducted to optimize the dose effect of antibiotic-loaded membranes in inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens and inflammatory processes without promoting toxicity and reducing bone regenerating capacity.