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71.
J.W. Yoon T. Sasaki N. Koshizaki 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2003,76(4):641-643
Nanocrystalline thin films of complex oxides such as BaTiO3 and LaFeO3 were prepared by pulsed laser ablation without substrate heating. Targets under various Ar pressures were irradiated using
an ArF excimer laser. The off-axis configuration of targets and substrates was used to synthesize the films. The crystallinity
and chemical composition of the deposited films were strongly dependent on the processing Ar gas pressure. In case of BaTiO3, the film deposited at 10 Pa was a single phase of BaTiO3 with a crystallite size around 7.2 nm. With increasing Ar pressure to 200 Pa, XRD peaks of BaTiO3 as well as BaCO3 were observed. The by-products could be due to reaction with carbon dioxide in air after taking the sample out of the chamber.
For LaFeO3, the films deposited under 50 to 200 Pa had a single phase with a crystallite size below 10 nm. When the Ar pressure exceeded
100 Pa, the crystallite size tended to decrease for both BaTiO3 and LaFeO3, which could be due to formation of aggregated nanoparticles. Below 10 Pa, oxygen deficiency was observed. Over 50 Pa, the
atomic concentration of all the constituent elements was almost constant, especially the [Ba]/[Ti] and [La]/[Fe] ratios, which
were nearly unity.
Received: 19 June 2002 / Accepted: 24 June 2002 / Published online: 22 November 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +81-298/61-6355, E-mail: yoon-jw@aist.go.jp 相似文献
72.
Microcrystalline silicon‐carbide (μc‐SiC:H) films were prepared using hot wire chemical vapor deposition at low substrate temperature. The μc‐SiC:H films were employed as window layers in microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) solar cells. The short‐circuit current density (JSC) in these n‐side illuminated n–i–p cells increases with increasing the deposition time tW of the μc‐SiC:H window layer from 5 min to 60 min. The enhanced JSC is attributed to both the high transparency and an anti‐reflection effect of the μc‐SiC:H window layer. Using these favourable optical properties of the μc‐SiC:H window layer in μc‐Si:H solar cells, a JSC value of 23.8 mA/cm2 and cell efficiencies above 8.0% were achieved with an absorber layer thickness of 1 μm and a Ag back reflector. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
73.
D. Demir Y. Şahin 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,44(1):17-22
The effect of an external magnetic field on the L3
subshell fluorescence yields (ω3 ) and level widths ($\Gamma_{L_3}$) for paramagnetic Ta, W, Tl, Th and U have been investigated using the
59.54 keV incident photon energy in the external magnetic field of
intensities ±0.60 T. L3 X-ray fluorescence cross sections ($\sigma_{L_3}^{X}$)
have been measured for the same elements. The measured ω
3, $\Gamma_{L_3} $
and $ \sigma_{L_3}^X$ values for B = 0 are in good
agreement with the theoretical values. It was observed that the values of
$\sigma_{L_3}^X$
and ω3 with the applied magnitude of the
magnetic field in both directions show a decreasing trend for paramagnetic
Ta, W, Tl, Th and U. Furthermore, in the presence of an external magnetic
field, the values of
$\Gamma_{L_3}$
show an increasing trend for
the same elements. The results show that the atomic parameters such as
spectral linewidth, radiation rates, photoionization cross section and
fluorescence yield can change when the irradiation is conducted in a
magnetic field. 相似文献
74.
We report on the synthesis and low temperature transport of Mg2Ge1–y Sby with 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.33. In these materials Sb substitutes for Ge in the antifluorite structure. Electrical and thermal transport measurements indicate that as the Sb content increases, vacancies are formed on the Mg sites thereby contributing to variations in the transport properties. With increasing Sb content both the absolute Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity first decrease and then increase, while the thermal conductivity decreases monotonically. Hall measurements indicate this tendency is associated with vacancy formation at higher Sb concentrations. The lattice thermal conductivity is fitted using the Debye approximation in order to elucidate the effect of alloying. We discuss these results in terms of potential for thermoelectric applications. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
75.
76.
A. Ehresmann W. Kielich L. Werner Ph. V. Demekhin D. V. Omel''yanenko V. L. Sukhorukov K.-H. Schartner H. Schmoranzer 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,45(2):235-246
Dispersed fluorescence from fragments formed after the de-excitation of the
1s-1π* resonances of N*O and NO* has been
measured in the spectral range of 118–142 nm. This range is dominated by
lines of atomic nitrogen and oxygen fragments and by the
bands in the NO+ ion which result from the participator Auger decay of the 1s-1π* resonances.
Ab-initio calculations of the transition probabilities between vibrational
levels during the reaction NO
N*O
⇒ NO
were used to explain the observed intensity dependence for the
fluorescence bands on the exciting-photon energy across
the resonances and on both v′ and v′′
vibrational quantum numbers. The multiplet structure of the 1s-1π* resonance and lifetime vibrational interference explain the observed exciting-photon energy dependence of the
fluorescence
intensity. A strong spin-orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states
of NO+ is proposed to reduce additional cascade population of the
state via radiative transitions from the
and
states and to explain
remaining differences between measured and calculated integral fluorescence
intensities. 相似文献
77.
V. Bobrovskii V. Kazantsev N. Mushnikov V. Voronin K. Conder 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2009,321(5):429-437
A detailed study of magnetic properties of cobaltite YBaCo2O5.5 has been performed in high (up to 35 T) magnetic fields and under hydrostatic pressure up to 0.8 GPa. The temperatures of paramagnet-ferromagnet (PM-FM) and ferromagnet-antiferromagnet (FM-AF) phase transitions and their pressure derivatives have been determined. It has been revealed that in the compound with yttrium, in contrast to those with magnetic rare earth atoms, the AF-FM field-induced magnetic phase transition is accompanied by a considerable field hysteresis below 240 K, and the magnetic field of 35 T is not sufficient to complete this transition at low temperatures. The hysteresis value depends on the magnetic field sweep rate, which considered as an evidence of magnetic viscosity that is especially strong in the region of coexistence of the FM and AF phases. High values of susceptibility for the field-induced FM phase show that Co spin state in these compounds changes in strong magnetic field. 相似文献
78.
S. Parida 《Physics letters. A》2009,373(21):1852-1855
We theoretically show that the process of inner-shell photoionization in an atom A, followed by the spontaneous sequential emission of two Auger electrons, produces various kinds of spin-entangled states of three flying electronic qubits. All properties of these states are completely pre-determined by the total spin quantum numbers of the electronic states of four atomic species (i.e., A, A+∗, A2+∗, A3+) participating in this process in the Russell-Saunders coupling. These tripartite states are readily characterized experimentally by measuring only energies of the three emitted electrons, without requiring any entanglement witness or other such protocols. 相似文献
79.
Five thin film photovoltaic modules were deployed outdoors under open circuit conditions after a thorough indoor evaluation. Two technology types were investigated: amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). Two 14 W a-Si:H modules, labelled Si-1 and Si-2, were investigated. Both exhibited degradation, initially due to the well-known light-induced degradation described by Staebler and Wronski [Applied Physics Letters 31 (4) (1977) 292], and thereafter due to other degradation modes such as cell degradation. The various degradation modes contributing to the degradation of the a-Si:H modules will be discussed. The initial maximum power output (PMAX) of Si-1 was 9.92 W, with the initial light-induced degradation for Si-1 ∼30% and a total degradation of ∼42%. For Si-2 the initial PMAX was 7.93 W, with initial light-induced degradation of ∼10% and a total degradation of ∼17%. Three CIGS modules were investigated: two 20 W modules labelled CIGS-1 and CIGS-2, and a 40 W module labelled CIGS-3. CIGS-2 exhibited stable performance while CIGS-1 and CIGS-3 exhibited degradation. CIGS is known to be stable over long periods of time, and thus the possible reasons for the degradation of the two modules are discussed. 相似文献
80.
X. G. Tang Q. X. Liu J. Wang H. L. W. Chan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,96(4):945-952
The effect of a dc bias field on the diffuse phase transition and nonlinear dielectric properties of sol-gel derived Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) ceramics are investigated. Diffuse phase transitions were observed in BZT ceramics and the Curie–Weiss exponent (CWE)
was γ∼2.0. The dielectric constant versus temperature characteristics and the γ in the modified Curie–Weiss law, ε
−1=ε
m
−1[1+(T−T
m
)
γ
/C1](1≤γ≤2), as a function of the dc bias field was obtained for BZT ceramics. The results indicated that γ is a function of dc bias field, and the γ value decreased from 2.04 to 1.73 with dc bias field increasing from 0 to 20 kV/cm. The dielectric constant decreases with
increasing dc bias field, indicating a field-induced phase transition. The dc bias field has a strong effect on the position
of the dielectric peak and affects the magnitude of the dielectric properties over a rather wide temperature range. The peak
temperature of the dielectric loss does not coincide with the dielectric peak and an obvious minimum value for the dielectric
loss at the temperature of the dielectric peaks is observed. At room temperature, 300 K, the high tunability (K=80%), the low loss tangent (≈0.01) and the large FOM (74), clearly imply that these ceramics are promising materials for tunable capacitor-device applications. 相似文献