液-固色谱流动相体积分数层次结构模型与保留值的关系

用液-固色谱流动相"假定"的体积分数层次结构模型,可得到质点团溶解溶质时的体积分数,进而得到共溶剂中溶质的溶解度、固定相上的溶质吸附量,从而推导出多元流动相组成与溶质保留值的关系.如三元流动相与溶质保留值的关联式为:lnk'=φB3lnk'B3 φB2lnk'B2 φB1lnk'B1 φB1(φB20.5 φB30.5)ln(q)(外Ⅱ) φB30.5φB21.0φB11.5ln(q)(外Ⅰ),经实验数据拟合,本式较其他关联式略胜一筹.     

人体胆结石成分及无机元素的分析探讨

本文运用三种仪器对胆结石中无机元素含量和成分进行测定,对照标准谱图分析.四个样品的主要成分均为胆固醇,含有较多的元素依次为Ca、Na、P、K和Mg.通过所得结果对胆固醇的成因、无机元素含量变化的作用进行了讨论.     

超细碳氮化钛的分析和评估

采用多种技术对超细碳氮化钛进行组成分析。可分别测定吸附和化合状态的氧。晶格常数与(原子比)具有线性关系,表明碳与氮可以相互无限置换,分子式为Ti C_xN_(1-x),每一样品只有一种C/N比.固溶体是均质的。气相合成的碳氮化钛含微量杂质,包括游离碳和氯根等,主相量显著地受吸附氧量影响,可控制达97％以上。介绍了拟定的分析方法。     

多糖凝胶的孔径和化学结构对单壁碳纳米管流动性和选择性分离的影响

基于凝胶柱色谱分离技术研究了单分散的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)在不同化学结构多孔多糖凝胶中的流动特性以及对金属型(m-)/半导体型(s-)SWCNTs分离的影响.通过比较SWCNTs在一系列不同孔径的葡聚糖Sephacryl凝胶中的流动行为,发现减小孔径尺寸能够增强s-SWCNTs与凝胶之间的吸附作用力,使大直径的m-SWCNTs快速地流过凝胶颗粒,而选择性地保留了小直径的s-SWCNTs.进一步发现多糖凝胶化学结构比孔径尺寸在SWCNTs的m/s分离中起着更重要的作用.当基于葡聚糖结构的Sephacryl凝胶中的氨基结构被琼脂糖结构所取代时,如Superdex 200和Sepharose 2B凝胶会增强它们与SWCNTs之间的作用力,使SWCNTs的保留时间延长,降低了s-SWCNTs的选择性和纯度.此外,即使拥有与Sephacryl S100类似的孔径范围,当Sephacryl凝胶中的氨基被疏水环氧丙烷基团取代时,葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G100与SWCNTs的作用力很弱,导致所有SWCNTs快速流动,无法实现SWCNTs的m/s分离.因而,我们认为凝胶孔径和化学结构共同影响并调控了SWCNTs的m/s分离的选择性、纯度以及分离效率.     

Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by zeolite synthesized from fly ash

Fifteen Chinese fly ashes were converted hydrothermally into zeolites, and phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) of the synthesized zeolites and the corresponding raw fly ashes were determined using an initial phosphate concentration of 1000 mg/L. Results showed that there was a remarkable increase in PIC (from 1.2 to 7.6 times) following the synthesis process. Fractionation of immobilized phosphorus indicated that Fe+Al-P increased most significantly and consistently among all the phosphorus fractions following the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. The PIC and Ca+Mg-P were closely related to Ca content (with r values of 0.9683 and 0.9651, respectively) rather than Mg content (with r values of 0.3920 and 0.3212, respectively). The r values of PIC and Fe+Al-P with Fe content (with r values of 0.4686 and 0.6385, respectively) were higher than those with Al content (with r values of -0.7857 and -0.3770, respectively). Although calcium and iron components were mainly involved in phosphate immobilization, there was no significant change of Ca and Fe content following the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. Increase in dissociated Fe(2)O(3) and specific surface area probably accounted for the enhancement in PIC of synthesized zeolites compared with corresponding fly ashes. The PIC value of zeolites showed a significant correlation with dissociated Fe(2)O(3) (r=0.6186). The specific surface area increased 26.0-89.4 times as a result of the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. The maximum removal of phosphate occurred within different pH ranges for zeolites which were synthesized from high, medium and low calcium fly ashes and this behavior was explained by the reaction of phosphate with calcium and iron components.     

利用凝胶渗透色谱示差-紫外检测器联用测定丁苯共聚物的组成分布

将凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)中的示差与紫外检测器联用,测定了无规共聚丁苯橡胶和SBS三元嵌段共聚物中各级分的组成变化.实验方法选择中对比了两种浓度参数的确定方法,发现通过改变注射量来实现浓度变化的方法优于使用系列浓度样品的方法.分别测定标准样品在紫外和示差检测器上信号产生的时间间隔可以确定两个检测器上信号的时间差.根据紫外-示差检测器联用可以看到SBR无规共聚物和三嵌段SBS共聚物样品中每一个级分中随着相对分子质量的变化,苯乙烯含量的变化.     

Dirichlet空间上的超循环复合算子

设Bn是复平面C中的单位圆盘(n=1)或复空间Cn中的单位球.众所周知,在Hardy空间上存在丰富的符号在Aut(Bn)中的超循环复合算子.然而,在复平面中单位圆盘上的Dirichlet空间中, 任何复合算子都不能是超循环的.本文则证明,当n>1时,Bn上的Dirichlet空间中确有超循环复合算子.     

新型脱硅剂水合碳铁酸钙合成过程的光谱学研究

亚熔盐溶出一水硬铝石型铝土矿过程中需在高浓介质条件下脱除二氧化硅杂质,研究采用合成水合碳铁酸钙做为脱硅剂;因水合碳铁酸钙合成过程中会有碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、铁酸钙等副产物,故合成条件对水合碳铁酸钙含量及脱硅效果有重要影响。为了探讨反应机理并优化合成参数, 研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析对合成过程产物进行了物相分析和脱硅实验。FTIR和脱硅过程元素分析表明水合碳铁酸钙在水溶液中为介稳物质,反应温度和反应时间对水合碳铁酸钙的合成具有重要影响,随时间和温度增加水合碳铁酸钙含量先增加后减少;单因素条件下最优的合成条件为, 反应温度30 ℃,反应时间16 h,反应液固比20,搅拌强度500 r·min-1;对最优条件下合成水合碳铁酸钙的物相结构进行了研究,表明水合碳铁酸钙为斜方六面体晶体结构,其中存在结晶水、羟基、Fe—O特征峰。     

First measurements of the HCFC-142b trend from atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra

The first measurement of the HCFC-142b (CH₃CClF₂) trend near the tropopause has been derived from volume mixing ratio (VMR) measurements at northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes for the 2004–2008 time period from spaceborne solar occultation observations recorded at 0.02 cm⁻¹ resolution with the ACE (atmospheric chemistry experiment) Fourier transform spectrometer. The HCFC-142b molecule is currently the third most abundant HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) in the atmosphere and ACE measurements over this time span show a continuous rise in its volume mixing ratio. Monthly average measurements at northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes have similar increase rates that are consistent with surface trend measurements for a similar time span. A mean northern hemisphere profile for the time span shows a near constant VMR at 8–20 km altitude range, consistent on average for the same time span with in situ results. The nearly constant vertical VMR profile also agrees with model predictions of a long lifetime in the lower atmosphere.     

紧拓扑半群上概率测度卷积序列的极限性质

本文讨论紧拓扑半群上概率测度卷积序列的若干重要极限性质．在第１节中，我们讨论测度集的代数结构与其支撑集代数结构的关系．第２节的定理１，通过支撑集的代数结构给出组合收敛测度序列的一个极限定理．在定理２中我们讨论独立同分布时的情形，建立了一类紧半群上的Ｋａｗａｄａ－Ｉｔ型结果．这些定理推广了紧群、紧交换半群、紧Ｌ－Ｘ半群上一些相应的结论．