碱金属碱土金属化合物标准熵的拓扑研究

定义离子极化力参数 gi.在分子拓扑图的邻接矩阵基础上 ,由 gi 建构极化力连接性指数 mG ,其中 0 G、1G对无机分子有良好的结构选择性 .计算了 6 4种碱金属、碱土金属的氧化物、卤化物、硫化物、硒化物等的 0 G、1G ,发现它们的标准熵与分子的大小及分子中的原子数正相关 ,而与分子中离子的极化力负相关 .这与其标准熵的递变规律相一致 .所以 ,化合物的 0 G、1G必然与其标准熵表现出良好的相关性 .研究结果表明 ,其预测值和实验值基本吻合 ,优于Latimer法以及Randic Kier连接性指数     

高电压/宽温域水系碱金属离子电池的研究进展

水系储能器件具有固有的高安全性、环境友好性和成本低的优势，在未来智能电网、便携式/可穿戴电子产品等领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。然而水的热力学分解电压低、冰点高，导致水系电解液电化学稳定电压窗口窄以及凝固点高，极大地限制了水系储能器件的能量密度与宽温域应用。因此，设计耐高电压、抗冻的水系电解液，成为水系储能器件大规模、多场景应用的关键。本文系统综述了高电压/宽温域水系碱金属离子电池电解液设计的研究进展，从热力学和动力学角度出发，分别重点介绍提高电解液电压窗口和工作温度范围的各类策略以及相关作用机制。进一步提出宽温域、高压水系电解液的潜在设计思路，并对高性能水系碱金属离子电池的发展方向进行展望。     

On the Electride Nature of Na-hP4

Early quantum mechanical models suggested that pressure drives solids towards free-electron metal behavior where the ions are locked into simple close-packed structures. The prediction and subsequent discovery of high-pressure electrides (HPEs), compounds assuming open structures where the valence electrons are localized in interstitial voids, required a paradigm shift. Our quantum chemical calculations on the iconic insulating Na-hP4 HPE show that increasing density causes a 3s→3pd electronic transition due to Pauli repulsion between the 1s2s and 3s states, and orthogonality of the 3pd states to the core. The large lobes of the resulting Na-pd hybrid orbitals point towards the center of an 11-membered penta-capped trigonal prism and overlap constructively, forming multicentered bonds, which are responsible for the emergence of the interstitial charge localization in Na-hP4. These multicentered bonds facilitate the increased density of this phase, which is key for its stabilization under pressure.     

Catechol-Mediated Redox-Neutral One-pot Transformation of SiO2 into SiPh4

Organosilanes range among the most important products in chemical industries. Unfortunately, their bulk production starting from silicon oxides has a substantial ecological footprint due to the immense energy consumption and the numerous hazardous by-products imposed by the redox cycling between Si(0) and Si(IV). Herein, we report the first redox-neutral, one-pot silicon−carbon bond formation starting from silica gel by combining catechol-mediated SiO₂ depolymerization and nucleophilic substitution of the tris(catecholato)silicate dianion intermediates. Screening and optimization of the individual steps enables a 76 % yield of SiPh₄ on a preparative scale. Non-rationalizable effects of solvents, nucleophiles, and countercations are identified, rendering suitable for statistical optimization approaches such as “design-of-experiments” in future studies. The general success of such process encourages the search for more energy- and waste-effective organosilane production.     

Biodegradable Polylactide and Its Nanocomposites: Opening a New Dimension for Plastics and Composites

The academic and industrial aspects of the preparation, characterization, mechanical and materials properties, crystallization behavior, melt rheology, and foam processing of pure polylactide (PLA) and PLA/layered silicate nanocomposites are described in this feature article. Recently, these materials have attracted considerable interest in polymer science research. PLA is linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester and is made from agricultural products. Hectorite and montmorillonite are among the most commonly used smectite‐type layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. Smectites are a valuable mineral class for industrial applications because of their high cation exchange capacities, surface area, surface reactivity, adsorptive properties, and, in the case of hectorite, high viscosity, and transparency in solution. In their pristine form, they are hydrophilic in nature, and this property makes them very difficult to disperse into a polymer matrix. The most common way to overcome this difficulty is to replace interlayer cations with quaternized ammonium or phosphonium cations, preferably with long alkyl chains. In general, polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites are of three different types: (1) intercalated nanocomposites, in which insertion of polymer chains into the layered silicate structure occurs in a crystallographically regular fashion, regardless of polymer to layered silicate ratio, with a repeat distance of few nanometer; (2) flocculated nanocomposites, in which intercalated and stacked silicate layers are sometimes flocculated due to the hydroxylated edge–edge interactions between the silicate layers; (3) exfoliated nanocomposites, in which individual silicate layers are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix by average distances that totally depend on the layered silicate loading. This new family of composite materials frequently exhibits remarkable improvements in its material properties when compared with those of virgin PLA. Improved properties can include a high storage modulus both in the solid and melt states, increased flexural properties, a decrease in gas permeability, increased heat distortion temperature, an increase in the rate of biodegradability of pure PLA, and so forth.

Illustration of the biodegradability of PLA and various nanocomposites.