Elastic Modulus and Hardness of Cr-Nb Nano-Multilayers

Cr-Nb nano-multilayered films with various modulation wavelengths A are prepared by e-gun evaporation and their mechanical properties are investigated. Cr and Nb both have bcc structures with large differences in lattice constants and Young＇s modulus, which are supposed to favour modulus enhancement. Nevertheless, nano-indention measurements show no enhancement for the modulus and a slight decrease for the hardness with decreasing A down to 5 nm. This is mainly due to counter-contribution to modulus from adjacent layers subjected to reverse strains, in agreement with recent theoretical study, while the decrease of hardness arises from grain boundary sliding. Interestingly, at A = 3 nm, the hardness of the film has an increase of 44% relative to the value of a rule of mixture, owing to the emergence of a new phase for reconciling the structure difference at the interfaces.     

An optimal rigidity theorem for complete submanifolds in a sphere

It is proved that if M^n is an n-dimensional complete submanifold with parallel mean curvature vector and flat normal bundle in S^n＋p（1）, and if supM S 〈 α（n, H）, where α（n,H）=n＋n^3/2（n-1）H^2-n（n-2）/n（n-1）√n^2H^4＋4（n-1）H^2,then M^n must be the totally urnbilical sphere S^n（1/√1＋H^2）.An example to show that the pinching constant α（n, H） appears optimal is given.     

辉光放电聚合物结构及力学性质研究

采用低压等离子体聚合技术,通过调整工作气压和反式二丁烯(T₂B)与H₂流量比制备了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)涂层. 利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和元素分析法讨论了工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比对GDP涂层内部H原子含量及结构的影响,并且通过纳米压痕技术对GDP涂层的硬度及杨氏模量进行了表征.研究结果表明:降低工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比,GDP涂层内sp³ C 关键词： 傅里叶变换红外光谱 纳米压痕 杨氏模量 硬度     

水中总硬度与碳酸盐和非碳酸盐硬度的测定

文献 [1 ,2 ]介绍 ,水中总硬度用 EDTA法测定钙和镁的总量 ,用中和法测定 HCO-3 来换算碳酸盐硬度 ,两者之差为非碳酸盐硬度。常出现碳酸盐硬度等于甚至高于总硬度值的现象 ,为此硬性规定当总硬度值比碳酸盐硬度值大时 ,总硬度是碳酸盐硬度与非碳酸盐硬度之和 ;若总硬度值等于或小于碳酸盐硬度时 ,只存在碳酸盐硬度而无非碳酸盐硬度。然而 ,上述的做法与规定在理论上是错误的 ,根本不代表实际情况 ,因为中和反应并非 HCO-3 的专一反应 ,而凡是在此滴定条件下能与酸发生中和反应的所有物质都干扰测定 ,产生正误差 ,见表中试验数据。本文…     

火焰原子吸收法测定地下水硬度

水的硬度测定,以往是采用经典的EDTA滴定法。改用火焰原子吸收法测定更为方便,而且测定结果与EDTA滴定法同样准确可靠。计算的方法是将测定的钙、镁量mg·L~(-1)分别换算成mmol·L~(-1),将两项相加后乘以100.1mg·L~(-1)便是以碳酸钙表示的硬度。方法回收串在98％～103％范围内,相对标准偏差为1.8％～2.7％。     

用直流矫顽力检验钢材热处理硬度的方法

一、引言至今,许多工厂还多应用破坏性的方法检验钢材热处理质量。例如,用洛氏、布氏硬度计等仪器检查硬度以及打开零件制成试样观察金相组织和表面硬化层深度。由于这些方法不宜用于大批成品和半成品检验,尤其对于形状复杂的零件更感困难。正因为这样,无损检查热处理质量的方法在不断地探索、研究和发展,并越来越多地应用到生产实践中。关于无损检测钢件热处理质量,一般来说包括检查零件热处理之后的硬度,表面硬化层深度(如渗碳层与高频淬火层深度),判别组织,以及分选混料几方面。     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

Effect of void formation during MEVVA tungsten ion implantation on the microstructure and surface properties of H13 die steel

H13 die steel was implanted with tungsten using a metal vapour vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source. When the pulsed beam current density of tungsten ions increased to 6mA?cm^-2, some voids appeared in the high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) micrograph, which would disappear at an annealing temperature of 600℃. HVEM and x-ray diffraction were used for observing the phase structure of the annealed and un-annealed H13 steel after the steel was implanted. Results of wear and hardness tests indicated that whether the voids appear significantly influences the hardness and wear of H13 steel. Reasons for the formation of voids and the relation between the surface mechanical property and voids are discussed in terms of collision theory.     

阵列式压电振子超声复合喷丸强化*

为了进一步改善超声喷丸强化质量,提升工件表面残余应力和显微硬度的均匀性,对压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化加工系统进行了改进,提出了在强化加工过程中辅助工件往复运动的方法。对改进后的压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化加工原理进行了阐述,分析了激振片的振动特性并进行了结构尺寸优化,应用Abaqus对工件往复运动下超声喷丸强化过程进行了仿真研究,分析了在不同的工件往复运动频率下,工件表面残余应力分布情况。实验测试了在不同喷丸强化时间及工件往复运动频率下超声喷丸强化加工质量,探究了喷丸时间和工件往复运动频率对工件表面显微硬度的影响。结果表明：在压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化过程中辅助工件往返运动,可以有效提高工件表面残余应力和显微硬度分布的均匀性,工件表面强化质量得到提升。