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41.
A copolymer of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) (SAN) was synthesized via an emulsion polymerization method. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes cast from the blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), SAN and fumed silica (SiO2) are microporous and can be used in polymer lithium-ion batteries. The membrane shows excellent characteristics such as high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength when the mass ratio between SAN and PVDF-HFP and SiO2 is 3.5/31.5/5. The ionic conductivity of the membrane soaked in a liquid electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC/DEC is 4.9×10-3 S cm-1 at 25℃. The membrane is electrochemical stable up to 5.5 V versus Li /Li in the liquid electrolyte. The influences of SiO2 content on the porosity and mechanical strength of the membranes were studied. Polymer lithium-ion batteries based on the membranes were assembled and their performances were also studied. 相似文献
42.
孝义煤电化学脱硫研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
地我高硫煤在碱性体系中的脱硫规律进行了研究,发现当「NaOH」=1mol/l,「煤」=0.025g/ml,I=100mA/cm^2,T=343K时可达最佳脱硫效果,产物分析表明O2的通入可同时提高无机硫和有机硫的脱除率。 相似文献
43.
A star network polymer with a pentaerythritol core linking four PEG-block polymeric arms was synthesized, and its corresponding gel polymer electrolyte based on lithium perchlorate and plasticizers EC/PC with the character being colorless and highly transparent has been also prepared. The polymer host was characterized and confirmed to be of a star network and an amorphous structure by FTIR, ^1H NMR and XRD studies. The polymer host hold good mechanical properties for pentaerythritol cross-linking. Maximum ionic conductivity of the prepared polymer electrolyte has reached 8.83 × 10 ^-4 S·cm^-1 at room temperature. Thermogravimetry (TG) of the polymer electrolyte showed that the thermal stability was up to at least 150 ℃. The gel polymer electrolyte was further evaluated in electrochromic devices fabricated by transparent PET-ITO and electrochromically active viologen derivative films, and its excellent performance promised the usage of the gel polymer electrolyte as ionic conductor material in electrochrornic devices. 相似文献
44.
紫外光照处理对TiO2膜光伏性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来人们利用纳米晶TiO2电极取代普通的TiO2电极[1],使其太阳能电池的光电转换效率得到很大提高.纳米晶TiO2电极具有大量表面态,在化学上表现为Ti3+或Ti—OH,对于光生电荷的分离过程和迁移过程有重要影响.这些表面化学结构的变化可能会导致TiO2的光伏性能的变化.1997年Fujishima等[2]用紫外光照射TiO2膜使它具有超亲水的性质,结构分析表明,超亲水的原因在于光照使TiO2膜的表面形成Ti—OH[3].因此,在光照处理的同时可能会导致TiO2的光伏性的变化.本文对紫外光照处理TiO2膜的光伏性能进行了研究,并结合光诱导TiO2的亲水性变化对光伏性能变化的原因进行了讨论. 相似文献
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47.
铕的电化学还原动力学研究(Ⅱ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对Sm-Eu-Gd氯化物体系,用带隔膜的电解槽和恒电位法,研究了铕电还原动力学特性。结果表明,在研究的参数范围内,随体系温度升高,搅拌强度增大,阴极电位降低、阴极面积增大及料液浓度增高,铕的还原速度加快;而随料液酸度增高,给出了本实验条件下铕的电还原动力学经验方程。 相似文献
48.
In the 21st century, hydrogen energy is a novel energy source. Its use is expected to mitigate the problems of environmental pollution and global warming caused by the excessive use of conventional fossil fuels. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for water splitting has attracted considerable attention because of its environmental friendliness. To improve electrocatalyst performance and reduce operation cost, carbon-based metal hybrid materials exhibiting high efficiency and catalytic activity have been developed. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant research attention and have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, and energy conversion/storage because of their facile synthesis, biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, excellent stability, and good electronic properties. CDs are widely used as carriers in the construction of electrocatalysts prepared from carbon-based metal hybrid materials. At present, it is believed that CDs exhibit excellent confinement effects, which can effectively inhibit the growth and agglomeration of metal nanoparticles, thereby preparing well-distributed carbon-based metal hybrid materials with a uniform and controllable size. However, the formation process of the small-molecule raw materials of CDs has not been elucidated. In this study, CDs and small-molecule raw materials from synthetic CDs were used as precursors to prepare nitrogen-doped CD-supported ruthenium nanoparticle (Ru@CDs) and small-molecule-supported ruthenium nanoparticle (Ru@Molecule) hybrid materials, respectively. The interaction between the small molecules and Ru in the process of CD formation and the effect on HER performance were explored. Moreover, we prepared different carriers such as metal organic frameworks(MOF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (GO)-supported ruthenium nanoparticle hybrid materials. Among them, Ru@CDs exhibited controllable size and excellent dispersibility and exhibited outstanding HER activity and good stability. Ru@CDs were found to require a low overpotential of 22 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Moreover, we observed the presence of an intermediate state between the molecules and CDs and demonstrated that the intermediate state exhibits no confinement effect. Furthermore, we found that with increasing calcination temperature, the intermediate state gradually changes to CDs. The unique spatial confinement between CDs and metal ions is key to the formation of monodisperse Ru nanoparticles. Our results confirmed that Ru@CDs serve as excellent HER catalyst supports. This work not only reveals the effect of the unique spatial confinement of CDs on the supported metals and their promoting effect on electrocatalytic activity but also provides guides the future development of CD-based metal hybrid electrocatalysts. 相似文献
49.
超级电容器是一种介于电池与传统电容器之间的新型储能器件,具有高能量密度、高功率密度的双重特性。超级电容器可以配合燃料电池、锂离子电池作为电源系统,解决电动汽车在加速、爬破、刹车时单一电池无法克服的问题;超级电容器也可以作为太阳能、风能等绿色发电系统储能装置;它亦可以作为电子、通讯、医疗等设备的主力电源。为此,在近20年来,超级电容器成为发达国家(美国、俄罗斯、日本、澳大利亚以及欧洲国家)重点投资研究开发项目,并于20世纪80年代国际各大电气公司把多种超级电容器陆续投放市场。 相似文献
50.