一种新型光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的仿真与实验研究

为了克服传统单个光纤布喇格光栅传感器对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计制作了一种基于双光纤布喇格光栅的以阻流件和弹性体为换能元件的流量传感器.该流量传感器采用弹性伞状结构体作为流量传感器的换能元件,用硅胶树脂封装双光纤光栅的弹性伞状结构体,起到了温度补偿的作用且提高了应变测量灵敏度.用有限元优化传感器结构,在1~20m/s的流速下利用ANSYS对传感器结构和传感器周围的流体场进行模拟分析,并计算了传感器的灵敏度,实验证明了硅胶树脂作为封装材料的优越性.进行了砝码干校法模拟实验,完成传感器封装前后的性能测试,通过提取该传感器的反射谱信号特征值,得到封装前后传感器的载荷响应灵敏度分别为:1.71nm/kg,0.103nm/kg.表明该流量传感器结构简单、安装方便、具有较好的线性度和灵敏度.     

微流量输液泵

对近几年出现的以声、光、电、磁、热等为基本激发形式的新颖的微流量输液泵的原理、特点作了评述。     

Continuum modeling for two-lane traffic flow

In this paper, we study the continuum modeling of traffic dynamics for two-lane freeways. A new dynamics model is proposed, which contains the speed gradient-based momentum equations derived from a car-following theory suited to two-lane traffic flow. The conditions for securing the linear stability of the new model are presented. Numerical tests are carried out and some nonequilibrium phenomena are observed, such as small disturbance instability, stop-and-go waves, local clusters and phase transition. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70521001) The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

空中交通流量管理中的改航策略研究

针对在恶劣天气下出现的大规模航班延误情况,根据机场和航路段的动态容量约束,建立了改航策略模型,并提出求解该模型的有效算法.选择全国航班时刻表进行仿真,仿真结果表明:该模型提供了在恶劣天气下更安全、更经济的航班改航策略,可为战术级流量管理提供辅助决策.     

最优数学模型筛选法确定流量系数的经验公式

应用简单的最小二乘回归分析原理对多个数学模型进行分析,得到了水利工程中有坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,并对其精度进行了讨论.对指导实际工程意义重大.     

Ar,N2气体中蒸发制备Fe—B超细微粒的研究

用气体蒸发法在１３３．３Ｐａ的Ａｒ、Ｎ２气体中制备了以Ｆｅ９０Ｂ１０为母材的超细微粒。在不同惰性气体中形成的Ｆｅ含量以及晶化程度显著不同。讨论了两种微粒性质差异的形成机制。     

MULTISCALE OPTIMIZATION OF FLOW DISTRIBUTION BY CONSTRUCTAL APPROACH

Constructal approach is a recent concept allowing to generate and optimize multi-scale structures, in particular, branching structures, connecting a microscopic world to a macroscopic one, from an engineer＇s point of view. Branching morphologies are found in many types of natural phenomena, and may be associated to some kind of optimization, expressing the evolutionary adaptation of natural systems to their environment, In a sense, the constructal approach tries to imitate this morphogenesis while short-cutting the trial-and-error of nature. The basic ideas underlying the constructal concept and methodology are illustrated here by the examples of fluid distribution to a multi-channel reactor, and of the design of a porous material and system for gas adsorption and storage. In usual constructal theory, a tree branching is postulated for the channels or flow-paths or conductors, usually a dichotomic tree （every branch is divided into two ＂daughters＂）. The objective function of the optimization is built from the resistances to mass or heat transport, expressed here as ＂characteristic transport times＂, and the geometric result is expressed as a shape factor of a domain. The optimized shape expresses the compromise between the mass or heat transport characteristics at adjacent scales. Under suitable assumptions, simple analytical scaling laws are found, which relate the geometric and transport properties of different scales. Some challenging geometric problems may arise when applying the constructal approach to practical situations where strong geometric constraints exist. The search for analytical solutions imposes simplifying assumptions which may be at fault, calling for less constraining approaches, for example making only weak assumptions on the branching structure. Some of these challenges are brought forward along this text.     

基于换乘行为的轨道交通网络模型研究

换乘行为是保持轨道交通网络正常运行的关键因素.针对轨道交通网络,提出一种添加换乘因素的网络模型构造方法.首先,根据换乘站点的交汇线路数量N,再裂变出N-1个换乘站点;其次,这N个换乘站点相互之间有换乘通道相连,且每条线路通过其中一个换乘站点;最后将构造方法运用到北京轨道交通网络,并通过仿真实验对比分析新旧网络模型的基本参数.结果表明:新建轨道交通网络模型在换乘流量的确定、负荷平均最短出行时间等方面弥补了以往模型的不足.     

求解二次分配问题的新的流量模型

二次分配问题是具有广泛应用背景的经典组合优化难题之一。本文在二次分配问题已有线性化模型的基础上,提出了一种新的基于流量的线性化模型。数值试验结果表明,新模型无论从时间上还是计算节点数都更具有优势。