Two Kinds of Cavity Geometry for Enhanced Laser Cooling of Solids

We present a comparison between intracavity cooling and external cavity cooling for optical refrigeration. The results show that the intracavity scheme is preferred at low optical densities （〈 0.008）, while the external cavity scheme is preferred at higher optical densities （〉 0.01）. We can choose the proper scheme for different eases in experiments. Moreover, under the same conditions, taking Yb^3＋-doped ZBLAN （ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlFa-NaF） film as an example, the cooling processes of the two scheme are obtained. The calculated results show that intracavity cooling will achieve a larger temperature drop for a thin film sample. Finally, the diode laser may become a candidate for the intraeavity model briefly discussed.     

Measurement of Secular Motion Frequency in Miniature Paul Trap to Ascertain the Stability Parameters

40Ca＋ ions are trapped and laser cooled in a miniature Paul trap. The secular motion was observed by the radio-frequency resonance of the ion cloud and Zeeman profile sidebands of a single ion experimentally. The trap stability parameters a and q are determined with an uncertainty under 1% by the secular motion frequency measurement. The trap efficiency is 0.75. A practicable suggestion is given for the benefits of a new trap design.     

Ecological optimization for an irreversible magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle

An irreversible Ericsson refrigeration cycle model is established, in which multi-irreversibilities such as finite-rate heat transfer, regenerative loss, heat leakage, and the efficiency of the regenerator are taken into account. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling rate, coefficient of performance （COP）, power input, exergy output rate, entropy generation rate, and ecological function are derived. The influences of the heat leakage and the time of the regenerative processes on the ecological performance of the refrigerator are analyzed. The optimal regions of the ecological function, cooling rate, and COP are determined and evaluated. Furthermore, some important parameter relations of the refrigerator are revealed and discussed in detail. The results obtained here have general significance and will be helpful in gaining a deep understanding of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle.     

Mechanical behavior of Cu-Zr bulk metallic glasses （BMGs）： A molecular dynamics approach

In the present work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviors of CuZr Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The substrate indenter system is modeled using hybrid interatomic potentials including both many-body Finnis Sinclair (FS) and two-body Morse potentials. A spherical rigid indenter (diameter = 60(1 = 10-10 m)) is employed to simulate the indentation process. Three samples of BMGs including Cu25Zr75 , Cu50Zr50 , and Cu75Zr25 are designed and the metallic glasses are formed by rapid cooling from the melt state at about 2000 K. The radial distribution functions are analyzed to reveal the dynamical evolution of the structure of the atoms with different compositions and different cooling rates. The mechanical behavior can be well understood in terms of load-depth curves and Hardness-depth curves during the nanoindentation process. Our results indicate a positive linear relationship between the hardness and the Cu concentration of the BMG sample. To reveal the importance of cooling rate provided during the processing of BMGs, we investigate the indentation behaviors of Cu50Zr50 at three different quenching rates. Nanoindentation results and radial distribution function (RDF) curves at room temperature indicate that a sample can be made harder and more stable by slowing down the quenching rate.     

Size-dependent thermal stresses in the core–shell nanoparticles

The thermal stress in a magnetic core–shell nanoparticle during a thermal process is an important parameter to be known and controlled in the magnetization process of the core–shell system. In this paper we analyze the stress that appears in a core–shell nanoparticle subjected to a cooling process. The external surface temperature of the system, considered in equilibrium at room temperature, is instantly reduced to a target temperature. The thermal evolution of the system in time and the induced stress are studied using an analytical model based on a time-dependent heat conduction equation and a differential displacement equation in the formalism of elastic displacements. The source of internal stress is the difference in contraction between core and shell materials due to the temperature change. The thermal stress decreases in time and is minimized when the system reaches the thermal equilibrium. The radial and azimuthal stress components depend on system geometry, material properties, and initial and final temperatures. The magnitude of the stress changes the magnetic state of the core–shell system. For some materials, the values of the thermal stresses are larger than their specific elastic limits and the materials begin to deform plastically in the cooling process. The presence of the induced anisotropy due to the plastic deformation modifies the magnetic domain structure and the magnetic behavior of the system.     

准二维各向同性激光冷却的光场仿真

在各向同性激光冷却原子实验中,光场分布是影响冷原子分布的重要因素,可以利用真空腔的结构和激光的注入方式的不同来调控腔内的冷原子分布。本文提出了一种扁平形漫反射腔体结构,并对冷却光的不同注入方式和不同尺寸的腔体结构形成的光场分布进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,与自由空间光入射相比,激光由光纤入射能够获得更均匀的准二维分布的光场,因此可以通过调节光纤的入射角度及光纤参数,实现对光场均匀度的优化。此外,随着腔体边长的等比放大,腔内光功率密度呈负指数幂衰减。扁平形漫反射腔形状接近二维,在准二维分布的光场和特殊的扁平形腔体结构的作用下,能够获得呈准二维分布的冷原子,在量子传感及量子精密测量领域具有重要的应用前景。     

双拉盖尔-高斯腔光力系统中的腔内压缩冷却研究

机械振子的冷却是腔光力学研究的重要方向之一。计算光力噪声谱和稳态的最终声子数,对基于耦合光学参量放大器（OPA）的双拉盖尔-高斯腔光力系统中的腔内压缩冷却问题进行研究。在弱耦合条件下,利用微扰近似理论方法得出系统的光力噪声谱,基于费米黄金法则的理论计算出稳态下的最终声子数的解析表达式。利用入射泵浦光驱动腔场内耦合的OPA,使腔场内形成强烈的非线性压缩效应,量子反作用加热过程得到有效抑制,系统净冷却率得到显著提高。此外,讨论了其他系统参数对机械振子冷却的影响。最后研究了系统的稳态声子数,声子数可以在较大参数范围内小于1。该方案能有效地降低机械振子的冷却极限。     

毛细微槽结构表面的喷雾冷却可视化研究

本文利用高速摄影仪对具有矩形毛细微槽群结构的加热表面进行喷雾冷却的传热特性进行了可视化实验研究.研究结果表明;喷雾冷却与毛细微槽结构相结合可实现高效率的相变换热过程;随着壁面温度的增加,槽表面经历了槽面完全被水浸没区、薄液膜区、部分干涸区和完全干涸区四个不同阶段;低温区主要是界面蒸发传热方式,高温区主要是沸腾换热方式.     

Enhanced Quantum Reflection of Ultracold Atoms with Strong Interatomic Interaction

We calculate the reflection probability for ultracold alkali atoms incident on a solid surface. By considering the interatomic interaction and using the WKB method, it is shown that the repulsive interaction between atoms has the effect of increasing the reflection probability. The increasing amplitude is related with the interatomic interaction and the depth of atom-surface potential. In addition, we also perform a numerical calculation to testify the effect of the interatomic interaction, and the analytic result is proven by the numerical result.     

35kJ直接冷却高温超导储能磁体

介绍了直接冷却高温超导储能磁体的基本结构,分析了磁体的电磁特性,分析结果表明,磁体电磁设计中采用端部两对饼并联的方式,削弱了磁体端部磁场径向分量,提高临界电流,磁体表现了较好的电磁特性;仿真了磁体与电力系统进行功率交换时的热特性,仿真结果与实验结果两者温度变化总体趋势是一致的;介绍了磁体的冷却实验和磁体系统的动态模拟实验结果.实验结果表明磁体的冷却措施和低温系统的冷却方案是可行的,磁体具有较好的热稳定性.