离子液体改性白炭黑及性能表征

采用离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯化咪唑(AMI)改性白炭黑(SiO2).通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),热失重分析仪(TGA),扫描电镜(SEM),接触角仪,BET比表面积和孔径分析仪,对改性前后白炭黑的微观结构以及性能进行表征.结果表明,经AMI改性后,白炭黑粒子间的相互作用明显减小,团聚倾向减弱,在橡胶复合材料基体中的分散性提高.AMI改性白炭黑疏水性增强,接触角由12.7°增加到80.5°,比表面积由67.84cm2/g增加到124.28cm2/g.改性前后,白炭黑晶型结构变化不大,仍为无定形态.     

基于上转换发光技术和免疫层析技术对氯霉素定量的检测方法

基于上转换发光技术和免疫层析技术对氯霉素定量的方法,属于纳米生物标记、免疫学及光学检测领域。将200~300 nm的上转换荧光纳米颗粒进行羧基化修饰,使之成为水溶性好、分散性高且易于与生物分子偶联的标记物;将样品垫、上转换标记物处理过的结合垫、抗原抗体点样过的硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)和吸水纸通过粘性底衬结合起来,抗原为氯霉素–BSA作检测线(T),抗体为羊抗鼠抗体作质控线(C),且相距0.5 cm。用切条机将组装好的试纸切成长6 cm、宽4 mm的试纸条,装备成壳,建立免疫层析试纸;将不同浓度梯度的氯霉素标准抗原加于试纸壳中的样品垫里,经10~15 min静置后,放于上转换检测器里进行检测。本发明制备工艺和操作简单,不需要复杂的仪器设备,快速、灵敏,能准确定量检测食品中氯霉素含量。     

Influence of surface modification of SrFe12O19 particles with oleic acid on magnetic microsphere preparation

Oleic acid was used as surface modification agent to improve the hydrophobicity of magnetic strontium hexaferrite particles. The structure and properties of treated magnetic particles were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR）, powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and magnetic property measurement system （MPMS）. The results show that oleic acid is chemically enwrapped on the surface of SrFe12O19 particles. Magnetic particles modified by oleic acid are highly dispersible and strongly responsive to magnetism but with slight decrease in saturated magnetization. The affinity between magnetic particles and monomers is improved by surface modification, resulting in increased particle incorporation in magnetic polymeric microspheres. The surface modification mechanism of magnetic particles by oleic acid is addressed in this work.     

A Facile Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Ni Nanoparticles

A simple solvothermal approach was developed to synthesize uniform spherical monodisperse Ni nanoparticles, which can easily disperse in nonpolar solvents to form homogenous colloidal solution. The as-prepared sample was characterized by XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The results indicate that Ni nanoparticles have the structure of face-centered cube and a narrow distribution with a diameter of （3.5±0.5） nm. The FTIR spectrum reveals that the nanoparticles are coated with oleic acid. In the synthetic process, N2H4·H2O was used as a reducing agent and oleic acid as a surfactant. The probable formation mechanism of the spherical nanoparticles was also discussed.     

电镜用双层支持膜的制备及应用

本文综合了Formvar膜强度大和火棉胶膜分散性好的优点,制备出了Formvar-火棉胶双层支持膜。Formvar膜在下层增大了膜的强度,火棉胶膜在上层改善了膜的分散性。根据电镜对支持膜的特殊要求,摸索出了制备双层支持膜的原料溶液的浓度范围及浓度配比范围,并且通过红外光谱(IR)证实了双层支持膜结构的存在。通过实际应用,发现双层支持膜具有高分辨率、强电子束照射下膜保持稳定不破损等优点,双层支持膜比以前传统使用的单层支持膜在许多方面都取得了较大的改善,尤其适用于纳米材料的电镜观察,因此,值得进一步推广应用。     

层叠Blumlein线脉冲叠加特性

利用传输线等效放电模型对层叠Blumlein线的脉冲叠加特性进行了分析。结果表明：外部短路阻抗是降低层叠Blumlein线脉冲叠加效率的主要因素, 其中, 短路电感产生输出波形平顶的衰减, 相对衰减量取决于叠加级数以及短路等效电感与传输线电感之比, 短路电容产生输出波形前沿的慢化, 前沿慢化的相对值取决于叠加级数以及短路等效电容与传输线等效电容之比;由于各级开关导通时间分散性的存在, 输出波形的前沿及后沿皆呈阶段状, 相当于产生了时间量等于开关导通分散性时间的前沿及后沿慢化现象。增加传输线外部的短路阻抗、减小多开关的导通分散性是提高层叠Blumlein线的脉冲叠加效率、改善输出波形的有效途径。     

刚性-柔性嵌段共聚物PPQ-b-PEG在选择性溶剂中自组装制备单分散性聚合物微球

刚性-柔性嵌段共聚物聚苯基喹啉-b-聚乙二醇(PPQ-b-PEG)在选择性溶剂中具有自组装行为. 该共聚物在V (三氟乙酸, TFA)︰V (二氯甲烷, DCM) = 1︰1的混合溶剂中能够自组装成直径为几个微米的聚合物空心球. 空心球尺寸随着PPQ聚合度的增大而增大, 具有单分散性, 溶液浓度对球径没有影响, 浓度过低时, 球的表面出现毛刺. 同时所形成稀溶液的最大吸收波长为378 nm, 最大发射波长为605 nm.     

Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Mixed Aqueous Solution of Poly-tailed Cationic and Anionic Surfactants

Spontaneous vesicles from the mixed queous solution of poly-talied cationic surfactant PTA and anionic surfactant AOT are firstly obtained.Vesicle formation and characterizations are demonstrated by negative-staining TEM and dynamic light scattering.A monodisperse vesicle system is obtained with a polydispersity of 0.082.Ultrasonication can promote the vesicle formation,Mechanism of vesicle formation is discussed from the viewpoint of molecular interaction.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/碳酸钙纳米复合材料的制备和表征

以聚乙二醇磷酸酯1000为表面处理剂, 采用碳化法合成了方解石型碳酸钙纳米粒子, 进一步制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/碳酸钙纳米复合材料. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR), 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和热重分析(TGA)对样品进行了分析. 结果表明, 聚乙二醇磷酸酯1000成功地修饰到碳酸钙的表面, 并得到平均直径为60 nm, 形貌为立方体的纳米碳酸钙晶体. 与碳酸钙(空白)样品相比, 表面处理碳酸钙的复合材料表现出更好的分散性和热稳定性. 采用Friedman方法计算了复合材料热分解的活化能. 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/空白碳酸钙和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/表面处理碳酸钙的活化能分别为200.58, 214.86和219.50 kJ/mol, 进一步说明了表面处理碳酸钙更好地改善了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的热稳定性.     

高序石墨电极上单分散纳米铜粒子的电结

Mechanism of copper electrocrystallization on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode from a solution of 1 mmol/L CuSO4 and 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 has been studied using cyclic voltammogram and chronoamperometry. The results show that in copper electrodeposition the charge-transfer step is fast and the rate of growth is controlled by the rate of mass transfer of copper ions to the growing centers. Reduction of Cu(Ⅱ) ions did not undergo underpotential deposition. The initial deposition kinetics of Cu electrocrystallization corresponds to a model including progressive nucleation and diffusion controlled growth. Copper nanocrystals with size of 75.6 nm and relative standard deviation of 9% can be obtained by modulation potential electrodeposition.