The corrosion properties of phosphate coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy: The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an eco-friendly accelerating agent

Sodium nitrite has been used as an accelerating agent in phosphating bath to improve its properties. However, it is well known that sodium nitrite is a carcinogenic component in phosphating sludge. In this study, it has been aimed to replace sodium nitrite by an environmentally friendly accelerating agent. To this end, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used in phosphating bath to improve the phosphate coating formation on an AZ31 magnesium alloy. The effect of SDS/sodium nitrite ratio on the phosphated samples properties was also studied. Using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), direct current (DC) polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) the properties of phosphated magnesium samples were studied.Results showed uniform phosphate coating formation on the magnesium sample mostly in hopeite phase composition. In addition, a denser and less permeable coating can be obtained at these conditions. The corrosion resistance of the phosphated samples was superiorly improved using higher SDS concentration in the phosphating bath.     

Effect of Li2O content on physical and structural properties of vanadyl doped alkali zinc borate glasses

The effect of Li₂O content in vanadyl doped 20ZnO+xLi₂O+(30−x)Na₂O+50B₂O₃ (5≤x≥25) glasses has been studied with respect to their physical and structural properties. The absence of sharp peaks in XRD spectra of these glass samples confirms the amorphous nature. The physical parameters like density, refractive index, ionic concentration and electronic polarizability vary non-linearly with x mol% depending on the diffusivities of alkali ions. EPR and optical absorption spectra reveal that the resonance signals are characteristics of VO²⁺ ions in tetragonally compressed octahedral site. Spin-Hamiltonian, crystal field, tetragonal field and bonding parameters are found to be in good agreement with the other reported glass systems. The tetragonal distortion (g_⊥-g_∥) and Dt reveals that their values vary non-linearly with Li₂O content and reaches a minimum at x=10 mol%. An anomaly of character has been observed in all the properties of vanadyl doped glass systems, which gives a clear indication of mixed alkali effect.     

Fabrication of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐active ZnO/Ag composite microspheres

We show in this paper how zinc oxide (ZnO)/silver (Ag) composite microspheres can be prepared by the reduction of Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ with the reducing agent formaldehyde in aqueous solution on the surface of ZnO microspheres. During the preparation, Sn²⁺ was absorbed on the surface of ZnO microspheres for sensitization and activation, and then Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ was reduced to Ag nanoparticles by the reducing agent to obtain ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. SEM and TEM images revealed silver nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from tens to 100 nm. X‐Ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV‐vis spectra were used to characterize the structure of the ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. The origin of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering properties was traced to the surface of the ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. The enhancement factor was estimated in detail, and the enhancement mechanism for the SERS effect was also investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of gallium wetting layer in high-quality ZnO growth on sapphire (0001) substrates

ZnO is a wide direct bandgap (Eg=3.37 eV at room temperature) II-VI compound semiconductor of wurtzite structure (a = 3.249 ? c = 5.207 ?. Compared to GaN and ZnS, ZnO has a larger exciton binding energy, ~60 meV (cf. ~25 meV for GaN and ~40 meV for ZnS), which is advantageous to realizing low-threshold excitonic lasers. Since optically pumped UV lasing of ZnO at room temperature was reported in 1997[1], much attention has been paid to the crystal quality improvement and p-type conduc…     

Characterizations of Tb:Zn2SiO4 films on silicon wafer prepared by sol-gel dip-coating and solid-phase reaction

Terbium-doped Zn_2SiO_4 films were successfully prepared on Si wafers by a simple sol-gel dip-coating and solid-phase reaction method of ZnO and SiO_2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV－Vis absorption results revealed that films processed below 850℃ were ZnO in wurzite structure, and films processed above 850℃ were Zn_2SiO_4 in wellimite structure. Photoluminescence measurements of the Tb-doped Zn_2SiO_4 films showed two strong emission bands at 490 and 545nm. The photoluminescence lifetime was 4.6ms.     

金属燃料电池

属燃料电池 (MFC)是一类特殊的燃料电池 ,具有成本低、无毒、无污染、比功率高、比能量高等优点 .文章讨论了金属燃料电池的基本特性、结构和原理 ,综述了Al、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe和Li燃料电池的研究进展 ,总结了它们各自存在的问题和今后进一步发展的研究方向 .     

A Raman spectroscopic study of copiapites Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O: environmental implications

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study selected mineral samples of the copiapite group. Copiapite (Fe²⁺Fe³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O) is a secondary mineral formed through the oxidation of pyrite. Minerals of the copiapite group have the general formula AFe₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O, where A has a + 2 charge and can be either magnesium, iron, copper, calcium and/or zinc. The formula can also be B_2/3Fe₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O, where B has a + 3 charge and may be either aluminium or iron. For each mineral, two Raman bands are observed at around 992 and 1029 cm⁻¹, assigned to the (SO₄)²⁻ν₁ symmetric stretching mode. The observation of two bands provides evidence for the existence of two non‐equivalent sulfate anions in the mineral structure. Three Raman bands at 1112, 1142 and 1161 cm⁻¹ are observed in the Raman spectrum of copiapites, indicating a reduction of symmetry of the sulfate anion in the copiapite structure. This reduction in symmetry is supported by multiple bands in the ν₂ and ν₄(SO₄)²⁻ spectral regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米氧化锌中三光子吸收与倍频效应致光辐射特性

为研究强光激励下纳米氧化锌发光机制,以气相传输法制备的冠状样品为对象,室温下以1 100nm与1 150 nm脉冲激光以及350 nm氙灯对其进行激励,观测光致发光谱.根据光强关系和强场与物质作用的三阶微扰理论,认为1 100,1 150 nm激光激励下的样品的紫外与可见光波段的辐射机理分别归因于样品中三光子吸收和二次谐波效应.同时,基于激子非弹性碰撞复合机制,对紫外辐射的红移现象进行了分析.     

利用红外光谱分析乙酸锌催化合成2,4-甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯的反应机理

利用红外光谱技术研究了无水乙酸锌催化2,4-二氨基甲苯与碳酸二甲酯反应生成2,4-甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯的甲氧基羰基化反应机理.结果表明,碳酸二甲酯羰基碳上的氧与无水乙酸锌中的Zn2+配位形成配合物,无水乙酸锌的结构由双齿型转变为单齿型,同时使DMC的羰基碳被活化.然后2,4-二氨基甲苯作为亲核试剂,其氨基进攻配合物中碳酸二甲酯上被活化的羰基碳原子,发生甲氧基羰基化反应,配合物中的Zn-O配位键断裂,生成2,4-甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯和甲醇,并使无水乙酸锌的结构重新回到双齿型.     

Concentrated second‐harmonic generation from a single Al‐covered ZnS nanobelt

Here we report on the hybrid nanostructures where a single ZnS nanobelt was half‐covered with an aluminum (Al) film, which is an ideal platform for studying the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement effects of the Al coating. It was fabricated by the lift‐off process and allowed for the accurate comparison of the SHG intensity between the Al‐covered and the same bare ZnS nanobelt under consistent test conditions. The results indicate that the Al coating in the hybrid nanostructures not only confines the pumping laser in the ZnS effectively, but also concentrates the emitted SHG signal greatly, increasing the signal collection efficiency. By the combination of these two effects, ∼60 times enhancement of the SHG intensity is achieved at the optimized geometry size (width and thickness) of the ZnS nanobelts. The Al‐based hybrid nanostructures open up new possibilities for low‐cost, highly efficient and directional coherent nanolight sources at short wavelengths.