地方本科院校化工类专业导论课探索与实践

针对地方高校化工类新生对专业认知模糊、发展方向不明确、行业认识存在误区、学习方法迷茫等现状,论述了开设化工类专业导论课的必要性及意义,提出了应从教学内容、教学方法手段、教学评价等3个方面增强专业导论课的实效性,对于大学新生的专业教育具较强的针对性和借鉴意义。     

LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting

A rapid increase in the performance and quality of white LED light sources has changed the dynamics of electricity access in the last 10 years, reaching tens of millions of people with electric light who previously had no viable alternatives to fuel-based lighting, which is dangerous and expensive. Eliminating fuel-based lighting is a key public health, safety, social equality, and environmental opportunity that is now achievable. Technology advances in LEDs, other super-efficient appliances, solar photovoltaic generation, advanced batteries, and coordinating information technology systems have combined to significantly expand the reach of off-grid energy systems. With support and effort, it is plausible that small “pico-solar” and “solar home” systems could serve over a billion people within a generation, providing basic but highly valued services. Continued progress can be achieved with attention to continued improvements in technology, supporting a growing range of new businesses and enterprises in energy access markets, and synergy with broader human development effort around access to clean water, financial inclusion, and fair access to resources.     

浙江省高校科研投入与区域经济增长关系的实证研究

利用浙江省1987~2008年的相关数据,在考虑通货膨胀的条件下,对浙江省高校科研投入与区域经济增长之间的关系进行Granger因果检验.结果表明：浙江省高校科研投入与区域经济增长之间存在着长期的均衡关系,但现阶段两者之间仅存在单向的影响关系,经济持续增长对高校科研投入增加的基础作用已经表露,但高校科研对经济增长的促进作用尚未呈现;进而提出了两者双向驱动的若干建议.     

Topological probability and connection strength induced activity in complex neural networks

Recent experimental evidence suggests that some brain activities can be assigned to small-world networks. In this work, we investigate how the topological probability p and connection strength C affect the activities of discrete neural networks with small-world (SW) connections. Network elements are described by two-dimensional map neurons (2DMNs) with the values of parameters at which no activity occurs. It is found that when the value of p is smaller or larger, there are no active neurons in the network, no matter what the value of connection strength is; for a given appropriate connection strength, there is an intermediate range of topological probability where the activity of 2DMN network is induced and enhanced. On the other hand, for a given intermediate topological probability level, there exists an optimal value of connection strength such that the frequency of activity reaches its maximum. The possible mechanism behind the action of topological probability and connection strength is addressed based on the bifurcation method. Furthermore, the effects of noise and transmission delay on the activity of neural network are also studied.     

化学专业公费师范生第二课堂建设的探索和实践——以北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团为例

北京师范大学化学学院对化学专业公费师范生的培养目标是面向全国各级各类中学培养卓越化学教师。但目前公费师范生培养存在低年级公费师范生主动摄取教师教育知识的意愿不强,高年级公费师范生无法快速适应自身从学生向职前教师的角色转变等问题。通过将北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团纳入公费师范生第二课堂,针对不同年级的学生开展分类别的、有针对性的教师教育活动,以实现“一、二课堂”互通共融,协同育人。2018至2019学年期间卓越化学教师社团活动的开展情况及有关成效,证明这种形式符合北京师范大学化学学院对公费师范生的培养要求,有助于在第一课堂学习的基础上提升公费师范生的各项能力。这种把社团作为第二课堂培养公费师范生的形式,对培养各专业公费师范生均具有一定的参考价值。     

化学奥赛金牌得主的大学录取去向研究

基于阳光高考平台公示的2014-2019年间化学奥赛国家集训队入选名单的行政数据,以及针对8名化学奥赛金牌得主的访谈,实证分析了新一轮高考改革背景下化学奥赛金牌得主的大学录取去向及其主要的影响因素。描述性统计分析发现,化学类专业依然是化学奥赛金牌得主上大学的主流去向,但“转行”现象客观存在且有加强态势。进一步的访谈研究发现,化学奥赛金牌得主在大学录取时选择继续学习化学,是一种基于学科兴趣或延续自身优势的理性选择,也是一种信息不对称下的惯性思维和路径依赖;个人参赛动机和高中学校奥赛培养模式则是化学奥赛金牌得主大学录取时放弃化学的主要影响因素。     

模块化物理实验教学的方式与策略

结合教学实践,探讨模块化物理实验教学的方式与策略.首先考虑将物理实验项目模块化处理,分阶段依次设置基础性实验模块、综合提高性实验模块和设计研究性实验模块.针对不同阶段的课程模块,应用启发式教学逐步提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,培养学生的创新能力.     

新农科背景下大学物理绪论课设计与实践

在高等农林教育提出新农科建设的时代背景下,针对学科深度交叉融合的新要求,聚焦我国未来农业发展的方向,基于"精准农业"介绍了一堂与学生专业相关联的大学物理绪论课的教学设计,并付诸实践.激发了学生对大学物理的重视程度和求知欲,提高了课堂教学效果,为优秀农林人才培养和新农科建设提供了有益的尝试.     

Effects of Different Connectivity Topologies in Small World Networks on EEG-Like Activities

Based on our previously pulse-coupled integrate-and-fire neuron model in small world networks, we investigate the effects of different connectivity topologies on complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals produced by this model. We show that several times series analysis methods that are often used for analyzing complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals, such as reconstruction of the phase space, correlation dimension, fractal dimension, and the Hurst exponent within the rescaled range analysis (R/S). We find that the different connectivity topologies lead to different dynamical behaviors in models of integrate-and-fire neurons.     

外资评级机构进入中国能否发挥“鲶鱼效应”?

近年来,中国信用评级行业逐步对外开放。我国监管部门相继批准标普、惠誉等具有国际影响力的外资评级机构进入我国市场。在此背景下,本文采用博弈模型分析了外资评级机构进入中国市场对本土评级机构评级质量的影响。研究发现,高声誉外资评级机构进入中国市场能够起到激励本土评级机构公正评级并促进评级行业形成良性循环的作用。本文研究结论为我国信用评级行业对外开放以及引入更多具有国际影响力的外资评级机构提供了理论支撑。